others

• Clinker is then ground into a powder sold as cement to ready-mix concrete companies. 
• Raw materials in cement may include:

  • Chalk
  • Clay
  • Iron ore
  • Limestone
  • Shale
  • Shells
  • Silica sand
  • Slag
• Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is the most widely used type of cement manufactured and used worldwide.
• “Portland” is a generic name derived from a type of building stone quarried on the Isle of Portland in Dorset, England.
• OPC is suitable for most general concrete jobs and mortar or stucco construction projects.
• Manufacturers create Portland pozzolana cement by grinding pozzolanic clinker, sometimes with additives of gypsum or calcium sulfate, with ordinary Portland cement.
• Compared to OPC, PPC has a higher resistance to various chemical reactions within concrete.
• PPC is often used for projects like bridges, piers, dams, marine structures, sewage works or underwater concrete projects.
• Contractors or construction teams may choose rapid-hardening cement for its high strength in the early stages of the hardening process.
• The strength of Rapid-hardening cement in three days is comparable to OPC strength at seven days with the same water-to-cement ratio.
• Rapid-hardening cement may have an increased lime content, combined with a finer grinding process, or better strength development.
• Rapid-hardening cement is often used for projects with early-stage formwork removal or when the focus is on increasing construction rates and decreasing costs.
• Extra-rapid-hardening cement may set and become durable even faster than OPC and rapid-hardening cement.
• Construction professionals achieve Extra-rapid-hardening cement by adding calcium chloride to rapid-hardening cement.
• Extra-rapid-hardening cement may be useful for cold-weather concrete projects due to its fast setting rate.
• Similar to extra-rapid-hardening cement, Quick-setting cement may set and become stronger even quicker than OPC and rapid-hardening cement.
• The grain and strength rate of Quick-setting cement are similar to OPC, but it hardens faster.
• Quick-setting cement may be beneficial for time-sensitive projects or those located near stagnant or running water.
• Manufacturers produce low-heat cement by monitoring the percentage of tricalcium aluminate in the mixture to ensure it stays below 6% of the whole.
• low-heat cement is more resistant to sulfates and less reactive than other types of cement.
• low-heat cement may be suitable for mass concrete construction or projects to help prevent cracking due to heat.
• low-heat cement may have a longer initial setting time than other types.
• Sulfate-resisting cement helps reduce the risk of sulfate side effects on concrete.
• the most common use of Sulfate-resisting cement is for constructing foundations in soil with high sulfate content.
• Sulfate-resisting cement can also be beneficial for projects like canal linings, culverts and retaining walls.
• Manufacturers make blast furnace slag cement by grinding clinker with up to 60% slag.
• blast furnace slag cement creates cement with many of the same properties as OPC.
• blast furnace slag cement may be less expensive to produce than other types, making it a good choice for financially conscious projects.
• High-alumina cement is a type of rapid-hardening cement created by melting bauxite and lime together and grinding it with clinker.
• High-alumina cement has high compressive strength and may be more flexible and workable than OPC.
• Construction teams can use high-alumina cement for projects where cement is subject to extreme weather like high temperatures or frost.
• White cement is a type of OPC that's white instead of gray.
• White cement is prepared from raw materials that don't include iron oxide and may be more expensive than other cement types.
• White cement is often useful in architectural projects and interior and exterior decorative projects like designing garden paths, floors, swimming pools and ornamental concrete products.
• Colored cement has properties similar to OPC and white cement.
• in colored cement, manufacturers mix 5% to 10% mineral pigments with OPC to achieve the desired color.
• Like white cement, contractors often use colored cement for decorative purposes and projects to enhance their designs.
• Air-entraining cement is more workable with a smaller water-cement ratio than OPC and other types of cement.
• Manufacturers add air-entraining agents like glues, sodium salts and resins to the clinker during the grinding process to create air-entraining cement.
• A common use for air-entraining cement is for frost resistance in concrete.