Pharmacology Test #1

    Cards (86)

    • Drug interactions occur when two or more drugs react with each other, altering their effects or causing harmful effects.
    • The CNS is comprised of the brain and spinal cord.
    • The peripheral nervous system contains 12 pairs of cranial nerves
    • The peripheral nervous system contains 31 pairs of spinal nerves
    • The Somatic nervous system is voluntary
    • The autonomic nervous system is involuntary
    • The autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system are divisions of the peripheral nervous system
    • Neurons of ANS innervate cardiac and smooth muscle walls of internal organs and glands
    • The ANS regulates rate at which organs work to maintain homeostasis
    • The sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system are divisions of the autonomic nervous system
    • Adrenergic receptors respond to norepinephrine and epinephrine
    • Cholinergic receptors respond to acetylcholine
    • Afferent neurons carry sensory information toward the CNS
    • Efferent neurons carry motor responses away from the CNS
    • Synapses are the junction between two neurons, and allow communication between the two so the signal continues to the destination
    • Sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response
    • Sympathetic nervous system is housed in the thoracolumbar division
    • Sympathetic nervous system originates from the thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves T1-L3
    • The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for rest and digest
    • The parasympathetic nervous system is housed in the craniosacral division
    • Parasympathetic nervous system originates from the sacral spinal nerve S2-4
    • Parasympathetic nervous system originates from the brain, cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, 10
    • SNS activation is not selective
    • PSNS activation is selective
    • Sumpathetic preganglionic nerve fibers are short while parasympathetic nerve fibers are long
    • Sympathetic postganglionic nerve fibers are long while parasympathetic nerve fibers are short
    • Sympathetic neurons release NE, making it adrenergic
    • Parasympathetic neurons release ACH, making it cholinergic
    • The postganglionic neuron contains a nicotinic receptor, receiving ACH, where it releases either ACH or NE to the muscarinic receptor on the target cell
    • SNS causes vasoconstriction
    • PSNS causes vasodilation
    • People have syncopal episodes on the toilet due to the vaso-vagal response, putting pressure on the vagus nerve
    • Formation of norepinephrine in sympathetic postganglionic fibers: tyrosine --> DOPA --> dopamine, --> NE
    • Alpha 1 target organs: smooth muscle walls of blood vessels, iris muscle
    • alpha 2 targets: adrenergic nerve endings
    • beta 1 targets: heart and juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney
    • beta 2 targets: smooth muscle
    • Alpha 1 responds to NE and epi
    • Alpha 2 responds to NE and epi
    • Beta 1 responds to NE and epi
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