Frequency of diseases

• Factors work together and affect physical and mental health
• A disease is a disorder that affects an organism's body, organs, tissues or cells
• Part of Biology (Single Science)
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• In this guide
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• Different types of disease
• Cancer and carcinogens
• Risk factors and causal mechanisms
• Smoking and cardiovascular disease
• Effects of alcohol on organs and unborn babies
• Cardiovasucular disease and type 2 diabetes
• The principles of sampling
• Line graphs
• Frequency of disease
• Frequency tables and diagrams record the number of times something happens
• Recording the frequency of disease is important
• Frequency tables and diagrams allow scientists to look at correlations
• Possible causes of the disease can then be investigated
• Frequency of disease can be measured in several ways: counting the number of people affected the ratio or proportion of those affected the rate at which new cases occur the risk - the probability of someone getting the disease, this should be recorded over a period of time, eg a year
• This map of instances of malignant close malignant tumour A fast-growing tumour that is cancerous and can invade and spread to other areas of the body
• Skin cancer in England and Wales is based on the numbers of cases over 25 years
• The map shows that a higher frequency of the disease is correlated with southern areas of England, the areas of England and Wales receiving most sunshine and where the population will receive most exposure to ultraviolet close ultraviolet A high energy part of the electromagnetic spectrum associated with sunburn and skin cancer
• Scientists have mapped the risk of developing the lung disease COPD close COPD COPD or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the name to several lung diseases that restrict air flow in the lungs and cause breathing difficulties for a patient
• And concentrations of small pollutant particles in England and Wales
• A close correlation can be seen between COPD and small pollutant particles across cities, where traffic levels are highest
• This suggests that air pollution is one cause of COPD