Cambridge

• Advantages of a science park being near a university:

  • Use their research facilities and employ their graduates.
  • Around 75000 people work in the UK's science parks.
  • Service parks include support services, e.g. marketing.
• Cambridge science park:

  'Silicon Fen'

  • Established in 1910.
  • Includes companies like Huawei & AstraZeneca.
  • 58 buildings.
  • 152 acres of land.
  • 130 companies.
  • 30% foreign owned companies (globalisation).
  • 61% of companies originated in Cambridge.
  • 50% of companies incorporated this decade.
• Opportunites of Cambridge science park:

  • The park was built on a greenfield site.
  • There are 1332 cycle parking spaces and workers are encouraged to hire bicycles for their commute.
  • 50% of the timber used in the buildings is from sustainable sources.
  • The park has recently reduced it's CO2 emissions by 44%.
  • Native trees & shrubs have planted around the site.
  • 11% of CSP commuters car share through the CamShare App.
  • There are lots of recycling facilities on the CSP.
  • The builds are designed to maximize the use of natural light.
• Challenges of Cambridge science park:

  • 3800 workers travel to & from the site contributing to traffic congestion & it can take up to an hour to get out of the area.
  • The site only offers highly skilled jobs.
• Cambridge Science park is located near the A14 & M11, which provide excellent access to London.
• The 'economically active' are people aged 18-65, the workers.
• Cambridge is an important city because it has a world renowned university.
• The average house price in Cambridge is 524,243. However, the average house price in the UK is 269,945, meaning there aren't enough houses, (supply & demand).
• The average age of someone living in Cambridge is 40.
• People migrate to Cambridge for:

  • Entrepreneurs.
  • World class university.
  • Thriving high technology businesses.
  • Cutting edge research facilities.
  • Successful & thriving businesses attract highly qualified people, (multiplier effect).
• Student migration in Cambridge:

  If the university didn't exist, more than 50 billion & over 150,000 jobs would be needed to replace the university's impact on the economy.
• Impacts of migrants in Cambridge (advantages):

  • Enriching the cities cultural life; music, art, literature & food.
  • Providing a hardworking & motivated work force.
  • Improving the level of skills where there are shortages.
  • The mainly young migrants help to balance out the population.
  • Contributing to both loval & national economy.
• Impacts of migrants in Cambridge (disadvantages):

  • Pressures on housing & employment.
  • Challenge of integration into the wider community.
  • The need to provide education for children whose 1st language isn't English.
• Over 40% of the workforce have a higher education qualification, more than 2x the national average.
• Average house price in Cambridge is 440,000.

  (13x the cities average salary)
• Cambridge tops the league as Britain's most unequal city.
• Evidence of social inequality (Abbey):

  • Average house price is 349,000.
  • Life expectancy is m79 & f88.
  • 27% are professionals.
  • 1.5% are unemployed.
  • 17% of houses owned outright.
  • 34% of people have 5+ GCSE grades, A* to C.
  • Average of 4.9 rooms per home.
• Evidence of social inequality (Newnham):

  • Average house price is 677,000.
  • Life expectancy is m85 & f94.
  • 57% are professionals.
  • 0.3% are unemployed.
  • 40% of houses owned outright.
  • 64% of people have 5+ GCSE grades, A* to C.
  • Average of 5.9 rooms per home.
  • More Nobel Prize winners than anywhere in the UK.
• COFARM:

  (Levelling up the UK's most unequal city)

  • 7 acres of agricultural land.
  • Cambridge's 1st city farm.
  • 150 volunteers.
  • All produce is donated to 7 emergency food hubs in Cambridge.
  • Work with Cambridge Community Kitchen.
• Plans for the incinerator:

  • The economic advantage is that it'll provide 300 jobs.
  • Waterbeach is the best site, had an existing waste management.
  • Accessed from the A10 truck road is the best place to locate the essential infrastructure.
  • Local residents are concerned about the air quality & noise.
• CB1:

  • Cambridge's station is the 10th busiest station outside of London.
  • 6300 passengers a day.
  • Home to the 3rd longest station platform in the UK.
• CB1 is the ideal location for urban regeneration as:

  • It has derelict buildings.
  • Good transport links.
  • Within an area of expanding business, (in the quaternary sector).
• Cambridge Railway Station - 1840:

  When it first opened, it bought facilities to the area such as;

  • A new era of industry.
  • The area surrounding developed.
  • Large business sections.
  • Residential areas.
  • Improvements to infrastructure.
• Flosters Flower Mill - 1896/2001:

  • Built in 1896.
  • Closed down in 2001.
  • Area became a neglected brown field site.
  • Globalisation made it easier/cheaper to import ingrediants.
  • No room to expand.
  • Use lorries to import.
• Terraced housing/apartments would be found closest to the city centre.
• The guided bus has improved sustainability by leaving grass on the side/including a cycle path.
• The location of Cambridge science park is ideal as it's near the 4th oldest university, this reputation attracts workers.
• Problems with the gateway to Cambridge:

  • Costs 725 mil.
  • Local residents call it 'rubbish', 'unfit' & 'soulless'.
  • Rise in anti-social behaviour & crime.
  • Main issue is only 1 space for 1000 students apartments & 350 homes.
  • Bus interchange was never built.
  • A row of bus stops instead - poor air quality.
• It takes about 55 minutes to get to London from Cambridge by train.
• The 'foot fall' per month in the Grand Arcade is 770,000.
• The population has increased by 305% in the last 20 years.