COMM

• “sending” or “receiving” ✔ Connotes something one person does or give to someone else
• “sharing” ✔ connotes something that two or more people do together.
• Black and Bryant (1922) define communication as:

  the process by which individuals share meaning. ✔ the process by which an individual (the communicator) transmits stimuli (usually verbal symbols) to modify the behavior of other individuals (communicatee). ✔ occurring whenever the information is passed from one place to another. Not simply the verbal, explicit, and intentional transmission of message; it includes all those processes by which people influence one another.
• ✔ transmission of information, ideas, attitudes or emotion from one person or group to another (or others) primarily through symbols (Theodorson and Theodorson, 1969).
• Communication is the process by which individuals share meaning and the process by which an individual (the communicator) transmits stimuli to modify the behavior of other individuals (communicatee), occurring whenever the information is passed from one place to another.
• Communication is not simply the verbal, explicit, and intentional transmission of message; it includes all those processes by which people influence one another.
• Communication can take place over large distances of space and time.
• Not all communication takes place in words.
• According to Kincaid and Schramm, communication can occur without two or more participants.
• Thinking is a form of communication.
• Communication is an intentional communication that happens within the bounds of specific contexts and is a communication applied in specific settings, environment, scene, social relations.
• Commitment to better communication is a crucial aspect of effective communication.
• Situation requirements in communication include the relationships individuals have with others in a group and the goals of the communicator in light of the group’s goals.
• • Failure to listen is a common problem in communication and can lead to misunderstandings and conflict.
• Competent communicators must be sensitive to the consequences of the communication choices they make.
• Communication skills, both verbal and non-verbal, are intrinsic to the success of any individual.
• The desire to avoid previous mistakes and find better ways of communicating with group members is a common problem in communication and can lead to misunderstandings and conflict.
• Failure to listen is a common problem in communication and can lead to misunderstandings and conflict.
• Context affects the process of sending and receiving of messages; semantics or meanings, choice of channels, words and methods of delivery.
• Environmental factors in communication can be classified as environmental noise, environmental factors, and others.
• The environment of communication can be disturbed by distortions in the message, misinformation, and lack of information.
• The communicator has one or more purposes: to gain attention, understanding, or acceptance, or to elicit action.
• Effect is the difference between what a receiver thinks, feels, and does before and after exposure to a message.
• Once mutual understanding is reached, there is mutual agreement, then collective action can be taken.
• Kincaid’s Convergence Model shows a process of convergence to which participants share information so that mutual understanding is reached.
• Noise in the environment of communication can be anything that interferes with the message travelling along the channel, which may lead to the signal received being different from that sent.
• Technical problems in communication can be classified as physical barriers, psychological - cultural barriers, and social barriers.
• Purposive Communication is a form of communication that is systematic, consisting of a group of elements which interact to influence each other and the system as a whole.
• In Purposive Communication, meaning is personally constructed; meanings are in people, not in words.
• Communication as a process and its four attributes are defined in Berlo’s Model of Communication (1961).
• A competent communicator must have a sense of context and avoid violating social or interpersonal norms, rules or expectations.
• Communication Competence is further defined by Rothwell (1992) as understanding what it means to communicate competently, which includes having a We-not-Me Orientation, understanding communication effectiveness, and having a sense of appropriateness.
• Sensitivity in communication competence includes being able to understand and empathize with others.
• Communication can result in motivation or persuasion, and it may lead to awareness, interest, decision, or action.
• A source must have something to transmit, and his or her purpose is expressed in the form of a message.
• Stereotyping means judging people before you know all the facts about them; believing that they have common characteristics among members of each group.
• The outcome of a communication or the response of the receiver to the message of the source is known as the effect.
• The four basic components of communication competence, as defined by Littlejohn and Jabusch (1982), are Understanding, Communication Skills, Interpersonal Sensitivity, and Ethical Responsibility.
• The channel is determined by availability, money, source preferences, which channels are received by most people at the lower cost, which channels have the most impact, and which channels are adaptable to the purpose of the source.
• Ethical responsibility in communication competence includes being able to make decisions that are fair and just.