Normative Theory of the Press

• Article III, Section 4 of the 1987 Constitution


  "no law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances"
• soviet media theory


  stated that the whole purpose of the mass media is to educate the greater masses of working class or workers (and allows feedback from them, differentiating this from authoritarian)
• soviet media theory


  put an end to the private ownership of the press and other media
• soviet media theory


  says that the state have absolute power to control any media for the benefits of people
• soviet media theory


  the government undertakes or controls the total media and communication to serve working classes and their interest
• soviet media theory


  imitative of Leninist principles which is based on Karl Marx and Engel's ideology
• soviet media theory


  also known as the communist media theory
• social responsibility theory


  here, the press ownership is private (which is why it's not easy for the government to sue!)
• social responsibility theory


  lies between both authoritarian theory and libertarian theory (bc it gives total media freedom but it's still controlled by externals)
• social responsibility theory


  allows free press without any censorship but at the same time the content of the press should be discussed in public panel and media should accept any obligation from public interference or professional self regulations or both
• libertarian theory


  says "all forms of communication works under the control of government or elite like king"
• libertarian theory


  simply put, this theory is against censorship and is for the freedom of the press
• libertarian theory


  says that people are rational and their rational thoughts lead them to find out what are good and bad
• libertarian theory


  sees that people are more enough to find and judge good ideas from bad
• libertarian theory


  the opposite of the authoritarian theory
• authoritarian theory


  the press is an instrument to enhance the ruler's power in the country rather than any threats
• authoritarian theory


  states that that all forms of communications are under the control of the governing elite or authorities or influential bureaucrats
• 4 theories of the press

  1. authoritarian theory,

  2. libertarian theory,

  3. social responsibility theory,

  4. soviet media theory
• normative theory


  more focused between the press and the government rather than the press and the audience
• normative theory


  sometimes media practitioners, social critics, and academics are also involved to develop these theories
• normative theory


  these theories do not provide any scientific explanations or predictions
• Fred Siebert, Theodore Peterson, and Wilburn Schramm


  the normative theories were first proposed by these people
• Four Theories of the Press


  the normative theories were first proposed in this book
• normative theory


  describes an ideal way for a media system to be controlled and operated by the government, authority, leader, and public
• press


  the media themselves (newspapers, journalists, etc)