play a role in regulatory networks in a TF independent manner but rather phosphorylate other things associated with bacterial physiology (cell division/replication)
contain auxiliary domains required for activation like binding extracellular stimuli to activate kinase domain in cytoplasm
have an associated protein phosphatase to modulate kinase activity
HSTK
has a cytoplasmic kinase domain that contains 12 specific signatures
N terminal lobe binds and orients ATP in active site -> conserved between all kinases
C terminal lobe binds to protein target substrate and transfers phosphate group -> changes according to protein target
autophosphorylation is proposed to occur through a dimerization of kinase domains
Ser/Thr protein phosphatases (STP) are
small metal dependent (Mg, Mn) molecules
have conserved catalytic domain that contains 9 - 11 signature motifs
removes phosphate of cognate kinase to inactivate signal cascade
only gram positive bacteria form endospores in response to stress or nutrient limitation
spores are morphologically distinct cells that are highly resistant to heat, chemicals, radiation//these dormant cells can also reinitiate growth rapidly in response to environment signals like amino acids//this process is orchestrated by a series of protein phosphorylation and changes in gene expression controlled by sigma factors
