HDF306

• The gender binary is an idea that there are only two types of people: Masculine men assigned male at birth and Feminine women assigned female at birth.
• The gender binary can lead to thinking all men are alike and all women are alike, but this denies the individuals intersecting identity characteristics.
• The gender binary leads to thinking men and women are opposite sexes.
• Stereotypes are fixed, distorted and oversimplified ideas about categories of people and can lead to stereotype threat.
• Men who adopt hybrid masculinities often use them to claim status.
• Existing research suggests that hybrid masculinity only obscure- not undermine- gender inequality.
• Hybrid masculinities can be an exciting step toward a more gender equal society.
• Hybrid masculinities: a collection of gender strategies that selectively incorporate symbols, performances, and identities that society associates with women or low-status men.
• Some hybrid masculinities are largely symbolic.
• Intersexuality is a condition where a person's reproduction or sexual anatomy doesn't fit the typical definitions of male or female.
• Transgender/trans identities include people whose gender ID differs from their assigned sex at birth and nonbinary people who are both man and woman or neither.
• Gender fluid identities are without a fixed gender identity.
• Trans identities emerge around the same time as cis identities.
• Gender affirming care (GAC) refers to a range of services including mental health, medical care and social services.
• Cisgender identities are assigned male at birth who identify as men and people who are assigned female at birth who identify as women.
• The idea that we are “opposite” presses us to behave in ways that reinforce gender binary.
• There are average differences between men and women, not binary ones.
• Gender ideologies in the US require that we all fit into two, and only two, categories, which ignores the great variety of the human species.
• Many of us follow gender rules most of the time out of habit, enjoyment, or to avoid policing.
• Sometimes we follow gender rules because others are watching us and expecting us to do so.
• In negotiation with others, we consciously and strategically adjust our behavior to change our social environment.
• We also hold others accountable.
• Accounts can make gender nonconformity incidental rather than intentional.
• Gender policing: a response to the violation of gender rules aimed at exacting conformity.
• Being nonbinary is inherently political.
• Following the Rules: to avoid policing involves accountability, which can be friendly, humorous or take the form of gentle teasing.
• All of us break some rules some of the times.
• We’re even policed into contradictory gender displays.
• In a gender binary world, being read as nonbinary is challenging and nonbinary individuals often have to assert their gender and correct those who misgender them.
• People who have bodies that naturally fit gendered expectations, and those who have privileged identities, have more freedom to act as they please.
• Account: an explanation for why a person broke a gender rule that works to excuse their behavior.
• Gender policing can be violent, particularly against trans and queer people.
• The gender binary is not derived from our bodies; rather, the gender binary is imposed on our bodies.
• Sometimes we break them because they are contradictory.
• Following the Rules: for pleasure involves performing a gender as a skill and acquiring it can be rewarding.
• Breaking gender rules is routine and sometimes we break them because there is no way to follow them.
• Following the Rules: out of habit involves getting used to walking, talking, sitting, and dressing in gendered ways without thinking about it.
• Gender is a social construct, not a biological one.
• Sexual dimorphism refers to the degrees of difference in appearance and behavior between males and females of a species.
• The origin of scientific curiosity is not neutral, as scientists, nearly all of whom were men, tried to find differences between men and women to justify “male superiority”.