A4S1

• Macbeth analysis for literature exam
• Act 4, Scene 1 furthers the theme of deception and equivocation in the play
• Characters in Macbeth often wear metaphorical masks and speak half-truths
• The witches in this scene are preparing a special feast with hideous ingredients, reflecting the evil in the play
• Macbeth approaches the witches with bravado and confidence, echoing Hecate's prophecy
• Macbeth seeks reassurance from the witches and is shown three apparitions
• The first apparition is an armed head, foretelling Macbeth's decapitation by Macduff
• The second apparition is a bloody child, symbolizing Macduff who can harm Macbeth despite not being born of woman
• The third apparition is of Malcolm, Duncan's son, carrying a branch, indicating Macbeth can't be harmed until Birnam Wood moves to Dunsinane
• Macbeth misinterprets the apparitions to fit what he wants to see, seeking reassurance
• The witches show Macbeth a final vision of eight kings descended from Banquo, leaving him in despair as he realizes his line won't inherit the throne
• Macbeth's character development shows a shift towards ruthless actions without hesitation, planning to murder Macduff's family
• This act almost dehumanizes Macbeth, making it difficult to sympathize with him and portraying him as a monster