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• Cyber is relating to or characteristics of the culture of computers, information, technology, and virtual reality
• Cybercrime is a crime in which a computer is the object of the crime or is used as a tool to commit an offense
• Republic Act No. 10175 Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 is a law in the Philippines approved on September 12, 2012, addressing legal issues concerning online interactions and the internet
• Republic Act No. 10173 Data Privacy Act of 2012 is an act protecting individual personal information
• Common forms of cybercrimes:

  • Copyright infringement: violation, piracy, or theft of a copyright holder's exclusive rights through the unauthorized use of copyrighted material or work
  • Plagiarism: using or imitating the language and thoughts of another author without authorization
  • Computer Addiction: excessive or compulsive use of the computer with serious negative consequences for personal, social, or occupational function
• Common forms of cybercrimes:

  • Copyright infringement: violation, piracy, or theft of a copyright holder's exclusive rights through the unauthorized use of copyrighted material or work
  • Plagiarism: using or imitating the language and thoughts of another author without authorization
  • Computer Addiction: excessive or compulsive use of the computer with serious negative consequences for personal, social, or occupational function
• Criminal activities:

  • Hacking: unauthorized access or interference with computer systems, servers, or other information and communication systems
  • Computer-related forgery, fraud, and/or identity theft: attempting to obtain sensitive information for malicious reasons
  • Electronic theft: illegal downloading or obtaining files without the right to use them
  • Cyberbullying: using electronic communication to bully a person
  • Cybersex: engagement in lascivious exhibition of sexual organs or sexual activity with the aid of a computer system
• • Child Pornography: form of child sexual exploitation defined and punishable by law
  • Cyber Defamation: false statement of fact harming the reputation of a person or company
• Hacking is gaining unauthorized access to a computer to exploit security weaknesses and install malware
• Malware is malicious software infecting computers to intimidate, reformat hard drives, alter or delete files, steal information, send emails, or take control of computers
• Pharming redirects users to malicious websites by spoofing legitimate URLs
• Phishing uses fake emails, text messages, and websites to steal personal and financial information by tricking users into providing sensitive data
• Ransomware restricts access to computers or files and demands payment for removal, with lockscreen and encryption ransomware being common types
• Spam involves mass distribution of unsolicited messages, advertising, or pornography to collect information or spread malware
• Spyware and Adware collect personal information without consent and can change computer settings or inundate users with pop-up ads
• Trojan Horses are malicious programs disguised as legitimate software that can delete files, hack other computers, watch users through webcams, log keystrokes, or steal personal information
• Viruses are malicious programs sent to infect computers, send spam, provide access to criminals, scan for personal information, hijack web browsers, disable security settings, and spread to other devices
• Wi-Fi Eavesdropping captures personal information shared over unsecure Wi-Fi networks by virtually listening in on data transmissions
• Worms propagate by sending themselves to other computers in a network, causing damage by spreading rapidly and potentially shutting down parts of the Internet