Global Variations in Economic Development + Quality of Life

• 1st world country - A country that was aligned with the US during the cold war

  2nd world country - A country that was aligned with the Soviet Union during the cold war

  3rd world country - A country that was aligned with neither side during the cold war (the continent of Africa mainly falls under here)
• The brandt line is no longer relevant nowadays due to outlier countries like China and the United Arab Emirates being richer than before and countries like Belarus and Ukraine being poorer than before

  
• LIC - low income country

  NEE - newly emerging economy

  HIC - high income country
• The problem with categorising development by only economical factors is that there are other factors which go into development like the cleanliness of water, social issues and education
• HDI - human development index, measured by income, life expectancy and education
• Birth rate is the number of live births per 1000 population, it is good due to it correlating with LICs having a high birth rate to accommodate for its high death rate. It's bad because there are some countries like Cuba which is poor and still has a low birth rate and control policies like in China, a rich country, have a low birth rate
• Death rate is the number of deaths per 1000 population. It's good because poorer countries have worse health care, leading to higher deaths but bad because an ageing population like Japan, a rich country, could have high death rates
• Infant mortality is the number of deaths of children aged less than 1 year per 1000 population. It's bad because not all deaths are reported in LICs
• Life expectancy is the average lifespan predicted at birth. It is good because longer life reflects better healthcare but bad because it can be misleading
• People per doctor is the number of doctors per 1000 population. It is good because there is a huge variation between low and high income countries for doctors and more doctors mean better health care. It is bad because more people like in India are seeking help instead via mobile phones
• Literacy rates is the percentage of people who have basic reading and writing skills. It's good because it shows better education but bad because areas in war are difficult to measure
• Access to safe water is the percentage of people with access to safe mains water. It's good because safe water means lower deaths but bad because data collection in LICs aren't accurate
• 1. high death rate from low hygiene and health care and high birth rate to survive to the next generation
  2. Death rate falls from development in health care and birth rate stays normally high, causing a rapid increase
  3. From not needing more births, birth rate falls and death rate falls, still making the population increase
  4. Birth rate is very low from advancements like contraception and women in careers, death rate is very low from advancements in health care so population stays consistently high