Geography

• The main types of weathering are physical, chemical, and biological.
• Physical weathering is the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces without changing their composition.
• Chemical weathering involves reactions between rock minerals and water or air to form new compounds.
• Biological weathering occurs when plants and animals break down rocks through processes such as root growth and burrowing.
• Chemical weathering involves the breakdown of minerals through reactions with water or air.
• Erosion is the process by which soil and other materials are moved from one place to another.
• Erosion is the process by which materials such as soil, rock, and sediment are moved from one place to another by natural agents like wind, rain, ice, waves, and gravity.
• Biological weathering occurs when plants and animals break down rocks through processes like root growth and burrowing.
• Biological weathering occurs when plants and animals break down rocks over time.
• Water erosion can occur due to heavy rainfall, snowmelt, or waves crashing against coastlines.
• Deposition is the final stage of the erosion-deposition cycle where sediment is deposited at its destination.
• Sediments can be transported by wind (aeolian), ice (glacial), gravity (mass wasting), running water (fluvial), waves (marine), and tides (tidal).
• Deposition is the final stage of the erosion-transportation cycle where eroded material is deposited at a new location.
• The three main types of erosion include mass wasting, solution, and abrasion.
• Chemical weathering occurs when rocks react with substances such as carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), nitric acid (HNO3), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and acids produced by plants.
• Physical weathering is caused by the action of water, ice, wind, gravity, temperature changes, and plant roots.
• Deindustrialization 


  A decline in the importance of industrial activity for a place
• Why has industry declined in the UK?

  The squeeze from inflated materials cost, a shortage of workers that has pushed up wages and declining demand for their products
• 2 forms of soft engineering

  Dredging- removal of sediment and debris from the bottom of lakes, rivers, harbours and other water bodies, beach nourishment
• 2 forms of hard engineering 


  See walls, groynes