Paper 2

• Geology

  The type of rock
• Tectonic processes

  Changes caused by the movement of tectonic plates
• Glacial processes

  Changes caused by the movement of glaciers
• Limestone pavement

  Flat limestone scenery made up of Clint's (blocks) separated by weathered groynes (cracks)
• Distribution 


  The pattern of where something is found
• Sedimentary 


  Rock formed by the deposition of sediments
• Igneous 


  Rock formed from magma
• Metamorphic

  Rock changed by extreme heat or pressure
• Physical processes

  Natural forces that shape the landscape
• Weathering

  The breaking down of rock by heat, chemicals, plants, and animals
• Erosion


  The wearing away of rock by ice, water or wind
• Transportation

  Carrying of material from one place to another
• Deposition 


  The dumping of eroded material
• Climatological processes 


  When changes in the climate change the landscape
• Post-glacial processes 


  Processes that occur in warmer periods when glaciers have melted
• Scree 


  Loose fragments of rock formed by tectonic processes
• Scarp and vale landscape

  Lowland landscapes with a steep chalk escarpment and flat clay vale below
• Agriculture

  The farming industry
• Forestry 


  The industry of growing trees
• Dry stone walls

  Walls made of pieces os stone found in upland areas where hedges won't grow
• Till

  Fertile soil deposited by rivers or glaciers
• Flint

  Pieces of hard Rock found in chalk, often used as building material
• Strata 


  Layers found in rock
• Concordant coastline 


  Where the same rock type faces the sea, forming cliffs and coves
• Discordant coastline 


  Where different rock types face the sea, forming bays and headlands
• Joint 


  A break in rock, a point of weakness for weathering and erosion
• Fault 


  Boundary between 2 masses of rock where movement occurs
• Headlands

  Outcrop of more resistant rock
• Bay 


  Curve in the coastline where less resistant has eroded more quickly
• Wave cut platform

  Flat area of rock at base of cliff exposed by coastal retreat
• Arch 


  Landform where a cave eroded all the way through a headland
• Stack

  Pillar of rock left when an arch collapses
• Swash

  The movement of a wave up the beach
• Backwash 


  The movement of a wave back down the beach
• Destructive waves

  Larger waves with a stronger backwash that eroded the coast
• Constructive waves

  Smaller waves with a stronger wash that build up the coast
• Fetch 


  The distance traveled by waves
• Beach profile

  Cross section diagram showing the shape of a beach
• Berm

  A mound of beach material deposited by constructive waves
• Sediment

  Eroded material carried by rivers and the sea