POPULATION

• Population is defined as a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding within a given area
• Demography is the study of the size, territorial distribution, and composition of population, including changes in natality, mortality, migration, and social mobility
• The difference between population and demography is that population refers to people living within a political or geographical boundary, while demography is the study of human populations and how they change
• Demographic analysis focuses on studying changes in the size, growth rates, and composition of a population
• Factors that affect population distribution:

  • Physical factors:
  • Shape and height of land
  • Resources
  • Climate
  • Human factors:
  • Political stability
  • Social preferences
  • Economic opportunities
• The major reason for population changes is the change in birth and death rates. When birth rates exceed death rates, the population increases
• Demographic Transition Model:

  • Stage 1: High birth and death rates, population remains fairly constant
  • Stage 2: Introduction of modern medicine lowers death rates, rapid population growth
  • Stage 3: Birth rates decrease due to improved economic conditions, population growth continues at a lower rate
  • Stage 4: Low birth and death rates, stabilizing the population
  • Possible Stage 5: Fertility rates fall below replacement level, elderly population exceeds the youthful population
• Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, reflecting changing conditions and impacting cultural landscapes

  • Types of migration:
  • Internal migration
  • External migration
  • Emigration
  • Immigration
  • Return migration
  • Seasonal migration
  • Reasons for migrating:
  • Push factors (negative)
  • Pull factors (positive)
• Total fertility rate represents the number of children a woman would have if she lived to the end of her childbearing years and bore children according to age-specific fertility rates
• Adolescent birth rate is the annual number of births to women aged 15-19 per 1,000 women in that age group
• Life expectancy estimates the average age members of a population group will be when they die. Child mortality rate refers to the probability of dying between birth and exactly five years of age per 1,000 live births
• Consequences of population growth include:

  • Investment
  • Overuse of resources
  • Urbanization
  • Per Capita Income
  • Standard of Living
  • Agricultural Development
  • Employment
  • Social Infrastructure
  • Labor Force
  • Capital Formation
  • Environmental damage
  • Impact on the world economy
• Rankings of the world's ten most populous countries:

  • Southeast Asia population statistics
  • Philippines population statistics