21st lesson 2

• Poetry is derived from the Greek word ‘Poesis’ meaning ‘making’ or ‘creating'
• Poetry is a concentrated thought
• Poetry is a kind of word music
• Poetry expresses all the senses
• Poetry answers our demand for rhythm
• Poetry is observation plus imagination
• Poetry is usually written in lines and characterized by rhythm, sound, imagery, and form
• The main purpose of poetry is to express feelings, thoughts, and ideas
• Narrative poetry tells a story and includes elements such as characters, settings, conflict, etc
• Example of narrative poetry: "The Raven" by Edgar Allan Poe
• Dramatic poetry is emotionally appealing drama written in verse to be recited or sung in front of an audience
• Example of dramatic poetry: "Paradise Lost" by John Milton
• Lyric poetry focuses on expressing feelings rather than telling a story
• Example of lyric poetry: Sonnet 18 by William Shakespeare
• Prose applies a natural flow of speech and grammatical structures, consisting of complete sentences arranged logically and sequentially
• Genres of prose include Romance, Action/Adventure, Science Fiction, Fantasy, Thriller, Horror, Mystery/Crime, Historical, Magic Realism/Women’s Fiction
• Fiction is a product of writers' imagination where characters react to conflicts and central issues of the literary work
• Types of fiction: Short Story, Novels, Fable, Folktale, Legend
• Short story is a fictitious narrative compressed into one unit of Time, Place, and Action
• Novel is a fictitious narrative with a complicated plot made up of chapters
• Fable usually features animals behaving and speaking as human beings
• Folktale is an old story that has been told for generations
• Legend is a traditional story told about a particular person or place
• Non-fiction stories are inspired by real events and offer opinions or conjectures upon facts and reality
• Examples of non-fiction: Biography, Autobiography, News Articles, History, Essays, Speeches, Researches
• Literary elements include setting, character, conflict, theme, point of view, and plot
• Setting refers to the locale or period of time in which the action takes place
• Characters are human representations involved in the conflict
• Types of characters: Protagonist (Hero/Heroine), Antagonist (foil to the protagonist), Deuteragonist (Second in importance)
• Conflict involves the struggle between characters or forces upon which the action depends
• Plot is a sequence of events resulting from the main conflict presented in a structured format
• Theme is the central idea in a literary work
• In poetry, essential elements include form, imagery, rhythm, and sound
• Imagery adds color to literature, especially in poetry
• Rhythm and sound deal with the common use of rhymes and other literary devices
• Literary devices include Repetition, Alliteration, Assonance, Onomatopoeia
• Repetition is the repeating of words, phrases, or lines
• Alliteration is the repeating of the same consonant sounds
• Assonance is the repeating of the same vowel sounds
• Onomatopoeia uses actual sounds to represent someone or something