Module 1

• The two eyed seeing approach (from Mi'kmak First Nations) is a framework that combines the of both Indigenous and Western knowledge on health (no perspective is better).
• Western approach to health: data driven and influenced by science
• Indigenous approach to health: value of love, honesty, humility, and respect in order to build trust, relationships, and safe spaces.
• Medicine wheel includes physical, emotional, mental and spiritual health. The centre of the wheel represents learning, beauty and harmony.
• East of medicine wheel: spiritual (yellow, eagle, tobacco, spring)
• South of the medicine wheel: emotional (red, coyote, cedar, summer)
• West of the medicine wheel: physical (black, bear, sage, autumn)
• North of the medicine wheel: Mental (white, deer, sweet grass, winter)
• Health promoting conditions include: adequate housing, accessibility to health services, safe working conditions, and nutritious foods.
• One method that Indigenous Canadians are reclaiming their traditional way of life and health on reserves is through Opaskwayak Cree Nation (OCN). They signed a declaration to begin the process of creating a law giving them jurisdiction over their child and family services, rather than the manitoba government. They also raised their own pride flag.
• One method that Indigenous Canadians are reclaiming their traditional way of life and health on reserves is through the Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte. They have established a Community Health Program that promotes health and provides health services to all community members independent of status, and whether the person is on or off a reserve. These services include weight, blood pressure, and blood sugar check, immunizations, prenatal classes, and numerous diabetic services.
• The Indian Act had the goal to assimilate Indigenous people by civilizing them by Christianizing them, disconnecting them from their former way of life and forcing them into permanent agricultural settlements.
• Global health is defined as an area for study, research, and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide.
• Global health is a discipline that has four principles: Data and evidence (to prove), population focused (not individual), strives for social justice, and emphasis on prevention (and not cure).
• Global health incorporates the principles of public health and uses them to tackle health inequities at home and across international borders. Public health aspects include: government contributions and resources, societal contributions, and public health.
• The three pillars of public health include: prevention, protection, and promotion.
• The World Health Organization (WHO) directs and coordinates health within the United Nations. Improves health by increasing global access to medicine, epidemic surveillance, prevention and control, etc.
• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was created to recognize basic freedoms that ALL people should have. Article 25 is concerned with our human right to health.
• The General Assembly (policymaking and representative branch of United Nations) adopted the UDHR for Indigenous people.
• Two-spirit refers to an individual who identifies as having both a feminine and masculine spirit (translation of niizh manidoowag in Indigenous people).
• The WHO promoted health by including the concept of resiliency in the 1980's. Resilience is defined as: the extent to which an individual or group is able to realize aspirations and satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment.
• Resiliency is made up of three components which strengthen's one's ability to cope with adversity: social resources, personal resources, physical resources.
• A protective factor is defined as "a characteristic at the biological, psychological, family, or community level that is associated with a lower likelihood of problem outcomes or that reduces negative impact of a risk factor on problem outcomes.
• Social Determinants of Health are thought of as the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age; they play a key role in determining a population's health
• 4 Pillars of social determinants of health:

  Personal Behaviour, Psychological economic environment, Physical environment, Human biology
• 14 factors that make up the framework of the social determinants of health: gender, disability, housing, early life, income and income distribution, education, race, employment, social exclusion, food insecurity, social safety net, health services, unemployment and job security, indigenous status.
• Health problems can be treated either through downstream prevention (treating the patient) or upstream prevention (treating the cause of the problem).
• Four factors required for all populations to become rich and healthy: time, trade, peace, and green technology
• Health inequality means there are differences in health experiences or outcomes between different populations. Health inequity is an inequality that is an unfair and avoidable systematic disadvantage.
• An advocate is a person who speaks on behalf of someone else. Can be the one that defends or maintains a cause or proposal, or one that supports or promotes interests of others.
• Tommy Douglas was known to be that father of socialized medicine. The Suffrogate movement advocated for change within society to allow and accept women's rights.
• The responsibilities of health advocates include patient needs, community needs, identify SDH's, and health promotion.