Islamiat

• Negus


  King of Abyssinia
• Ashama Ibn Al-Abjar


  Negus' name
• Negus accepted Islam and died

  Rajab 9AH
• The Prophet observed prayer in absentia for Negus
• Muqawqas


  Vicegerent of Egypt
• Muqawqas didn't accept Islam but sent gifts for the Prophet including two slave girls and a horse, Duldul
• Chosroes


  Emperor of Persia
• Abdullah Ibn Hudhafa As-Sahmi was chosen to carry the letter to Chosroes, who tore the letter and as a result he was killed by his son
• Heraclius


  King of Rome
• The Muslim envoy Dehyah Kalbi was ordered to carry the letter to Heraclius, who called Abu Sufyan and questioned about the Prophet but didn't accept Islam for the fear of his people
• Mundhir Ibn Sawa


  Governor of Bahrain
• Al-A'la Ibn Al-Hadrami was sent to Mundhir Ibn Sawa, who accepted Islam
• Jaifer


  King of Oman
• Abd Al-Jalandi


  Jaifer's brother
• Amr Ibn Aas was chosen to carry the letter to Jaifer and his brother, who accepted Islam after showing some reluctance in the payment of zakat
• The Holy Prophet marched to Khyber

  Muharrram 7 AH
• The Hypocrites wanted to join the Muslim forces just for the spoils of war but only those Muslims were allowed to go who were present in the pledge on death
• Abdullah b. Ubay informed Jews about the Muslim expedition to Khyber
• The Jews asked Banu Ghatfan for protection and promised half of the produce of gardens in return
• The Prophet took such a route so that he could encamp between Khyber and Banu Ghtafan to stop their correspondence
• Banu Ghtfan were coming but they heard strange noises and they thought that Muslims attacked there so they returned but everything was fine so they got late
• Muslims reached quietly at night and the Jews were surprised in morning when they saw them and shut themselves in their fortresses
• Forts in the first region of Khyber

  • Nai'm
  • Sa'b
  • Zubayr
  • Ubay
  • Nizar
• Forts in the second region of Khyber

  • Qamus
  • Watteh
  • Salalim
• In Nai'm there was Marhab and it was the strongest fort so Prophet gave the flag to Ali who killed Marhab and Zubayr killed his brother Yasir. After a fierce battle it was conquered
• The second fortress was conquered in the leadership of Hubab b. Mudhir. After three days long siege they entered. Muslims slaughtered donkeys but Prophet announced it prohibition
• Muslims got enough food here and they even got war engines/ Catapults
• The fortress Zubayr was conquered. It was too difficult to reach there due to its height. A Jew informed that they get water from a stream during night. So Prophet blocked water and then they came out to fight some Muslims were martyred and 10 Jews were also killed
• Preparations


  • Quraysh spent the money of caravan on preperation
  • They arranged and army of 3000 troops including 200 horsemen led by Khalid and Ikrama
  • Some women like Hind were coming to boil their blood through their potries
  • H. Abbas informed the prophet about it
  • Prophet asked his companions and some ,including Abdullah b. Ubay suggested that we will defend from inside
  • Majority suggested to go out
  • So Prophet wore his armour and got ready to go out
  • He dreamt of dents on his sword and a slaughtered cow
• Ubay fort was conquered by Abu Dujana. He killed two great warriors of Jews and then Muslims conquered it
• Nizar fort was the strongest one. Jews kept there families here. Muslims used the catapults and cracked the walls. After a fierce battle Jews fled leaving their families
• The forts of the second region were all conquered without fight as Jews signed a treaty that allow them to leave this place with families and they would leave all of their treasures
• Pre-Battle Events


  1. Muslims were 1000 but on the way 300 men deserted the Prophet in the leadership of Abdullah b. Ubay (Hypocrites)

  2. Eight children were going secretly but only Rafay b. Khadij and Samura b. Jundub got permission to join

  3. Prophet appointed 50 archers on a mount to block the rear with strict commands not to leave the post in any case

  4. Their leader was Abdullah b. Jubair

  5. He gave his sword to Abu Dujana Ansari
• Kinanah was found of hiding the treasures so he was killed and his family was made slaves as per agreement
• The Jews requested before expulsion that allow them to live here and they will cultivate the land and give half of produce to Muslims and Prophet accepted
• Main Events


  • There were seven individual combats. Ali, Zubayr and Hamza fought and killed all infidels
  • In the main battle Muslims were very confident and Quraysh became nervous
  • Their retreated soon after the battle started
  • Muslims started the collection of spoils as they were free
  • Archers misunderstood the situation and 40 of them left the post and ignored Abdullah's reminder
  • Khalid was waiting for this and attacked from the rear
  • Quraysh returned and attacked from front
  • So victory of Muslims slipped out of their hands
• A lady Zainab, a hypocrite, tried to to kill the Prophet through poison and companion Bishr died due to it
• The Prophet appointed the officials and on his return he married Safiya, daughter of Huyai b. Akhtab
• Prophet got injured


  1. They wanted to kill the Prophet but companions made a protecting around him

  2. Talha made himself a shield around him and got injured

  3. A stone, thrown by Utba b. Abi Waqqas, hit the Prophet's face and teeth broke down and lips bleeded

  4. He fell in a ditch behind him and fell unconcious but Talha took him out. Here Prophet gave him tidings of Jannah

  5. Talha stopped Ibn Qamia's sword and his fingers got cut off

  6. Two pins of Prophet's helmet stucked in his face and Abu Obaidah b. Jarrah took them out

  7. The Prophet was then taken up to Mount Uhad for safety
• Now Muslims were the masters in Arabia and the authority in most its parts