TREATY OF HUDAIBIYA

• Treaty of Hudaibiya


  An important treaty signed between the Prophet Muhammad and the Quraysh tribe of Makkah in 628 AD
• The Prophet had a dream of performing Umra

  6 AH / 628 AD
• Dreams of the Prophet were the messages from Allah and were always true
• The Prophet announced in Madina that he would be going for Umra and anyone could join him
• People who joined the Prophet

  • Fourteen hundred men
  • Some women like Umme Salamah, Umm e Mani' and Nusaybah
• Preparations for the Umra

  • No weapon of war was carried (only swords were carried for protection)
  • They wore Ihram and had no intention of fighting
  • They also had seventy camels
• The Quraysh were in a dilemma as barring pilgrims from rituals was against their tradition and allowing Muslims would be considered their defeat
• Khalid Ibn Waleed was sent with 200 horsemen to stop the Muslims
• Allah revealed verses about prayer in fear (Salat ul Khauf) as Khalid planned to stop them during prayer
• The Muslims sneaked to the other direction and halted at Hudaibiya
• There was no enough water in streams but due to a miracle water surged up quickly and plentifully
• Budayl b. Warqa from Banu Khuza'a first came to the Prophet and informed about Quraysh hostile intentions but the Prophet said they don't intend to fight
• Hulays, the leader of Ahabish, Bedouin tribes, said to Quraysh that they must allow the pilgrims
• Urwa Thaqafi came and gave his report about Prophet's respect among his followers
• The Prophet had already sent Khirash b. Umayyah to inform that they were just coming for Umrah
• Ikrama hamstrung his camel and he hardly saved his life
• The Prophet wanted to send Umar but he suggested the name of Uthman as he was calm and from B. Umayyah
• Uthman didn't come back and rumour spread about his murder
• The Prophet took pledge on death 'Bait-e-Rizwan' (48:18)
• A hypocrite Jadd b. Qays was the only one who avoided the pledge
• Quraysh then sent Sohail b. A'mr to sign treaty
• Ali was appointed to write down the treaty
• Clauses of the treaty

  • No war for the next ten years
  • Muslims will go back this year
  • Muslims will come next year for three days without weapon
  • We will not return anyone coming to Makkah but anyone going to Madina from Makkah will be returned by Muslims
  • Any tribe can join either party Muslims or non-Muslims
• Muslims didn't want to sign the treaty
• Only Abu Bakr understood its political significance
• The Prophet signed the treaty as he wanted peace
• Abu Jandal, son of Sohail b. A'mr came but the Prophet returned him back and set an example of honouring the treaties
• The Prophet ordered companions to remove Ihram but they didn't comply with his command
• Umm e Salamah suggested that the Prophet should do it first so he did
• On return Allah revealed Surah Fath (48:1)
• Significance of the Treaty of Hudaibiya

  • It was the first time when Makkans accepted Muslims as a separate power and Islam as a religion
  • The Muslims got the permission to perform Umra in the following year
  • The first clause shows their weakness of Quraish. They wanted to avoid fighting as they were economically weak
  • The Prophet sent missionaries and preachers and number of Muslims increased rapidly
  • Makkans had realized they could not stop the expansion of Islam and were now looking for their own existence
  • This treaty led up to the Khyber Expedition and Conquest of Makkah