Module 14

• is commonly defined as the belief in one’s capabilities to achieve a goal or an outcome.

  Self-efficacy
• Self-efficacy


  It is the ability

  to influence events that affect one’s life and control the way

  these events are experienced (Bandura, 1994).
• Students

  with high self-efficacy may more likely to challenge

  themselves with difficult tasks and be highly motivated to

  achieve the task. They put high degree of effort and will do

  everything in their power to meet their commitments.
• Self-efficacious students may more likely recover quickly

  from setbacks and ultimately are to achieve their personal

  goal.
• Every experience is not always positive outcome. It may also

  bring failure. This experience’s will help us build resilience

  thru treating failure as learning opportunity and chance to

  reach our goal with different approach.

  Mastery Experience
• Observing those who practice high self-efficacy in their lives

  and who have reached their goals despite hardships can

  provide great motivation to a person. Bandura notes that it

  is necessary to draw role-models from one’s own social

  surroundings.

  Social Modeling
• this age, internet and social media can be big source of employing role-models.

  Social modeling
• It is about finding the right mentor. Social Persuasion is

  about having other’s (role model) directly influence one’s

  self-efficacy by providing opportunities to master

  experience.

  Social Persuasion
• These social persuasion may are mentors that are knowledgeable and practices what they preach.
• States of Physiology 


  Our own emotions, moods and physical state can influence

  our interpretation of self-efficacy. Having feeling of tension,

  anxiety and weariness can lower our self-efficacy.
• Positive emotion can help build positive insight for high self-efficacy

  to a person.
• Another learning theory that explains persons acquiring of

  intelligence and realizing his/her goals is the Mindset Theory

  by Carol S. Dweck.
• She is a psychologist from Stanford University that tries explaining the way to understand the effects of learning and education to a person.

  Carol S. Dweck
• Dweck

  proposed that people hold for the nature and the cause of

  intelligence have several implications, specifically the way

  the person motivates himself to learn and practice.
• Mindset 


  is a term used by Dweck to explain the

  assumptions, methods, or notations held by one or more

  people or group of people. It represents the cognitive

  processes activated in response to a given task.
• (before termed as entity mindset) is an innate or

  in-born personality of a person. It is basically “who you are”, how

  God made you


  Fixed Mindset
• (or the Incremental mindset),

  where people believe that training and an effort to learn can

  change one’s qualities and traits.

  Growth Mindset
• Most people would probably agree that goal setting is one of

  the main ingredients for a person to succeed. It is a powerful

  way of motivating people and motivating yourself.

  Goal Setting Theory
• Dr. Edwin

  Locke pioneers a research in 1960s’ about setting goals.
• Goal Setting Theory 


  This

  theory was more known to work or industrial setting, much

  from where the SMART goal originated.
• It was also then

  after several years he collaborated with Dr. Gary Latham to a

  seminal work “A Theory of Goal Setting and Task

  Performance”.
• Goal Setting Theory states that there is a relationship

  between how difficult and specific a goal was and the

  people’s performance task. He found that specific and

  difficult goals led to better task performance than vague

  or easy goals.
• Five Principles of Goal Setting

  1. Clarity
  2. Challenge
  3. Commitment
  4. feedback
  5. task Complexity
• In the fixed mindset, that process is scored by an internal

  monologue of constant judging and evaluation, using every

  piece of information as evidence either for or against such

  assessments as whether you’re a good person, whether your

  partner is selfish, or whether you are better than the person

  next to you.
• In a growth mindset, on the other hand, the

  internal monologue is not one of judgment but one of

  voracious appetite for learning, constantly seeking out the

  kind of input that you can metabolize into learning and

  constructive action.