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Topic 7: Run for Your Life
7.4 Homeostasis and Exercise
7.4.2 Osmoregulation
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What is osmoregulation?
Controls water and solute concentrations
Osmoregulation is crucial for maintaining a stable internal
environment
Hormones like
ADH
ensure homeostasis during dehydration.
What are the three main regions of the kidney's structure?
Cortex, medulla, and pelvis
The kidney maintains fluid balance through selective
reabsorption
Match the kidney region with its function:
Renal Cortex ↔️ Filtration and reabsorption
Renal Medulla ↔️ Concentrates or dilutes urine
Renal Pelvis ↔️ Channels urine to the ureter
The kidneys play a vital role in osmoregulation by regulating water and
solutes
.
Which region of the kidney contains nephrons?
Renal cortex
The kidneys play a vital role in osmoregulation by regulating water and
solute
Nephrons are located only in the renal cortex.
False
What is the primary function of the nephrons in the kidney?
Filter blood
ADH is produced in the
hypothalamus
From which gland is ADH released?
Posterior pituitary
ADH increases the permeability of the
collecting ducts
to water.
Steps in ADH action during dehydration
1️⃣ Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect increased blood solute concentration.
2️⃣ ADH is released from the posterior pituitary into the bloodstream.
3️⃣ ADH acts on the collecting ducts of the nephrons.
4️⃣ Water permeability of the ducts increases.
5️⃣ Water reabsorption occurs, reducing urine volume.
Match the osmoregulation process with its body region:
Fluid Intake ↔️ Thirst mechanism in hypothalamus
Hormonal Control ↔️ Posterior pituitary (ADH)
Kidney Filtration ↔️ Nephrons
The kidneys play a vital role in osmoregulation by regulating water and
solute
Where is ADH stored in the body?
Posterior pituitary
ADH release completes a
negative feedback loop
when blood solute concentration returns to normal.
During exercise, the body loses water through
sweat
What detects increased blood solute concentration during exercise?
Osmoreceptors
Reduced urine output and a more concentrated urine are effects of water reabsorption in the
kidneys
Osmoreceptors in the
hypothalamus
detect high blood solute concentration.
The posterior pituitary releases ADH, which increases water reabsorption in the
kidneys
Osmoregulation
helps maintain fluid balance during strenuous activity.
Steps of osmoregulation during exercise
1️⃣ Water loss through sweat
2️⃣ Increase in blood solute concentration
3️⃣ Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus detect changes
4️⃣ Posterior pituitary releases ADH
5️⃣ Water reabsorption in kidneys increases
6️⃣ Reduced urine output and concentrated urine
Dehydration leads to elevated blood solute
concentration
Osmoregulation maintains a stable internal environment by controlling water and solute
concentrations
ADH is critical for water reabsorption in the kidneys during
dehydration
.
Hormonal control in osmoregulation is influenced by ADH from the posterior
pituitary
The functional units of the kidney are the
nephrons
Which region of the kidney contains nephrons?
Renal cortex
The kidneys are vital for
osmoregulation
.
Steps of ADH release and its effects
1️⃣ Osmoreceptors detect increased blood solute concentration
2️⃣ ADH is released into the bloodstream
3️⃣ ADH increases water permeability of collecting ducts
4️⃣ Water reabsorption increases
5️⃣ Urine volume decreases, becomes concentrated
During exercise, osmoreceptors detect increased blood solute concentration and stimulate the release of
ADH
What is the primary cause of dehydration during exercise?
Excessive sweating
Osmoregulation regulates water and salt balance through mechanisms like fluid intake and water
output
ADH ensures water reabsorption in the kidneys to maintain blood solute
concentration
.
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