1.3.3 Polysaccharides

• What are polysaccharides composed of?

  Monosaccharides
• Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made up of many monosaccharides linked together by glycosidic bonds.
• Starch is composed of amylose and amylopectin.
• Which type of starch component is unbranched?

  Amylose
• Glycogen is highly branched due to frequent α-1,6-glycosidic bonds.
• Match the polysaccharide with its branching:

  Starch ↔️ Branched

  Glycogen ↔️ Highly branched

  Cellulose ↔️ Unbranched
• What is the structural component of plant cell walls?

  Cellulose
• Glycogen is the primary energy storage molecule in plants.

  False
• Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates composed of many monosaccharides connected by glycosidic bonds.
• What are the two main components of starch?

  Amylose and amylopectin
• Steps involved in the structure of amylose

  1️⃣ Glucose units linked by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds

  2️⃣ Formation of long, unbranched chains

  3️⃣ Helical structure formation
• Amylopectin contains both α-1,4- and α-1,6-glycosidic bonds, which result in its branched structure.
• Glycogen is more highly branched than amylopectin.
• Which polysaccharide is found in animal cells and is highly branched?

  Glycogen
• Match the polysaccharide with its function:

  Starch ↔️ Energy storage in plants

  Glycogen ↔️ Energy storage in animals

  Cellulose ↔️ Structural component of plant cell walls
• Starch serves as an energy storage in plants
• Glycogen is the primary energy storage polysaccharide in animals
• What structural role does cellulose play in plants?

  Plant cell walls
• Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made up of many monosaccharides
• Polysaccharides are linked by glycosidic bonds.
• Match the polysaccharide with its composition and function:

  Starch ↔️ Amylose and amylopectin, energy storage in plants

  Glycogen ↔️ Glucose units, energy storage in animals

  Cellulose ↔️ Glucose units, structural component of plant cell walls
• What are the two primary components of starch?

  Amylose and amylopectin
• Amylopectin is highly branched, whereas amylose is unbranched.
• Glycogen is primarily composed of glucose
• Match the glycosidic bond in glycogen with its effect on structure:

  $\alpha - 1,4$-glycosidic bond ↔️ Creates a linear arrangement of glucose units

  $\alpha - 1,6$-glycosidic bond ↔️ Introduces branching for glucose release
• Cellulose is unbranched and linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds.
• What type of bonds hold cellulose chains together to form a strong, fibrous structure?

  Hydrogen bonds
• The strength and rigidity of cellulose make it the main structural component of plant cell walls
• Cellulose is a polysaccharide composed entirely of glucose monomers linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds.
• Hydrogen bonds hold adjacent cellulose chains together, contributing to its strength.
• Match the polysaccharide with its composition and function:

  Starch ↔️ Glucose; Energy storage in plants

  Glycogen ↔️ Glucose; Energy storage in animals

  Cellulose ↔️ Glucose; Structural component in plants
• Cellulose is highly branched like amylopectin.

  False
• What type of glycosidic bond is found in cellulose?

  $\beta - 1,4$
• Starch and glycogen serve as energy storage molecules in plants and animals, respectively.
• Cellulose is the primary energy storage molecule in plants.

  False
• Starch functions as an energy storage molecule in plants.
• Cellulose is broken down into glucose for energy in animals.

  False
• What are polysaccharides composed of?

  Monosaccharides
• Glycogen is made of glucose units and serves as energy storage in animals.
• Cellulose provides structural support in animal cell walls.

  False