Chapter 7

• Humans need six types of nutrients
• The nutrients needed for a balanced diet are: Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, mineral (+water)
• Carbohydrates, Proteins, and fats are major nutrients
• Vitamins and minerals are minor nutrients
• Carbohydrates are used for energy
• Carbohydrates include starch and sugar
• Fats and oils are needed for energy and t make cell membranes
• Fat and oil can be stored under the skin as adipose tissue
• Fat is obtained from cooking oils, meat, eggs, and dairy
• Proteins are needed to build new cells and for growth and repair.
• We get protein from meat, fish, eggs, and diary
• Vitamins are organic substances that we only need in small amounts (Vitamin C and Vitamin D)
• Vitamin C is found in citrus fruits and raw vegatables
• Deficiency of vitamin C causes scurvy
• Scurvy is a disease that causes pain in the joints and muscles. Bleeding from gums and such.
• Vitamin D is found in butter, egg yolk, and also is given from the sun.
• Deficiency of Vitamin D causes rickets
• Rickets is a disease where the bones become deformed and soft.
• Minerals are inorganic substances, only needed in small amounts
• examples of minerals are calcium and iron
• Calcium is found in milk, diary, and bread
• Deficiency of calcium causes brittle bones and teeth. Poor blood clotting
• Iron is found in liver, red meat, egg yolk and dark green veggies
• Deficiency of iron causes Anaemia
• Anaemia is when theres not enough red blood cells
• Fibre helps to keep the alimentary canal working properly
• The muscles of the alimentary canal contract and relax, which is called peristalsis
• Peristalsis moves food along the digestive system
• The alimentary canal consists of (In order)

  1. The mouth
  2. Phranyx
  3. Oesophagus
  4. Stomach
  5. Small intestine
  6. Large intestine
  7. Anus
  8. Pancreas & Liver (food doesnt pass through them)
• More than 60% of our body is water
• Lack of fibre causes constipation
• We need water to get rid of waste products such as Urea
• Urea is a dangerous liquid that could destroy the kidney
• Urea and water mix together forming Urine, that is then excreted from the body
• Water helps with digestion
• Processes that occur

  1. ingestion
  2. digestion
  3. absorption
  4. assimilation
  5. egestion
• Ingestion - taking food into your mouth
• Digestion - breaking down large molecules into smaller ones so they can be absorbed by cells
• Egestion - getting rid of waste products
• Carbohydrate gets digested in mouth