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• When does a hazard become a disaster?

  • A disaster occurs when the probable destructive agent, the hazard, hits a vulnerable populated area
• What is disaster?

  • UN defines it as a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or society involving widespread human, material, economic, or environmental losses and impacts
  • French word "Disastre" refers to a "Bad or Evil Star"
  • American Red Cross defines it as an occurrence causing human suffering and needs that victims cannot alleviate without assistance
• Can we prevent disasters from happening?

  • Hazards may be inevitable but disasters can be prevented
• Relationship between risks, hazards & people:

  • Vulnerability describes the condition that makes a society prone to the impact of a hazard
  • Exposure is the tendency of losing property, people, systems, and other elements in society due to their presence within the hazard
  • Risk is the possibility of something bad happening
  • Hazard is a dangerous phenomenon that may cause loss of life, injury, property damage, and environmental damage
• Important Aspects of Hazards:

  • Magnitude and intensity: measure of strength and impacts
  • Speed of onset: predictability and lead time are critical
  • Duration: concern as severe damage depends on how long the hazard affects an area
• Disaster Risk:

  • Disaster risk is expressed as a function of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability
  • It quantifies the chance of a disaster happening and its impact
• Minimizing Disaster Risk:

  • Risk reduction through reduction of exposure and vulnerability
  • Keeping people and property away from hazards can reduce vulnerability and exposure
• Factors contributing to the increase of disaster risks:

  • Climate change
  • Rapid and unplanned urbanization
  • Poverty
  • Environmental degradation
• Classification of Disasters:

  • Natural disasters: originate from forces of nature
  • Human-made disasters: occur due to people's actions against human, material, and the environment
  • Technological disasters: caused by human error or malfunction of technology systems
  • Industrial accidents: caused by industrial companies
  • Security-related disasters: indicate compromised systems or failed protection measures
• Concept of disaster risk:

  • The potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assets that could occur to a system, society, or community in a specific period of time, determined probabilistically as a function of hazard, exposure, and capacity
• Concept of disaster:

  • A phenomenon that poses a threat to people, structures, or economic assets
  • Any event with the potential to cause disruption or damage to humans and their environment
• Nature of disasters:

  • Natural disasters originate from different forces of nature
  • Meteorological disasters are caused by extreme weather conditions
  • Topographical disasters include internal earth processes or tectonic activities
  • Environmental/ecological disasters are catastrophic events due to human activity
  • Quasi-natural hazards arise from the interaction of natural processes and human activities
• Locations exposed to hazard:

  • Hazardous material
  • Power service disruption and blackout
  • Nuclear power plant and nuclear blast
  • Radiological emergencies
  • Chemical threats and biological weapons
  • Cyber Attacks
  • Explosion
  • Civil Unrest
  • Stampede and accidents
  • Oil spill
• Effects of disasters:

  • Physical Perspective: affects physical elements like buildings, infrastructures, and houses
  • Psychological Perspective: mental challenges such as PTSD
  • Socio-cultural Perspective: changes in individual roles and disruption of social relationships
  • Economic Perspective: loss of life, unemployment, property, household articles, crops, and public infrastructure
  • Political Perspective: effects of disasters and distribution of humanitarian aid are linked to politics
• When does a hazard become a disaster?

  • A disaster occurs when the probable destructive agent, the hazard, hits a vulnerable populated area
• What is disaster?

  • UN defines it as a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or society involving widespread human, material, economic, or environmental losses and impacts
  • French word "Disastre" refers to a "Bad or Evil Star"
  • An occurrence, either natural or man-made, that causes human suffering and creates human needs that victims cannot alleviate without assistance
• Important Aspects of Hazards:

  • Magnitude and intensity: measure of strength and impacts on the ground, people, and structures
  • Speed of onset: predictability of a hazard and lead time allowed
  • Duration: concern on how long the hazard affects an area and the potential for damage
• Relationship between risks, hazards & people:

  • Vulnerability: condition that makes a society or community prone to the impact of a hazard
  • Exposure: tendency of losing property, people, systems, and other elements in society due to their presence within the hazard
  • Risk: possibility of something bad happening
  • Hazard: dangerous phenomenon that may cause loss of life, injury, property damage, or environmental damage
• Minimizing Disaster Risk:

  • Risk reduction through reduction of exposure and vulnerability
  • Keeping people and property away from hazards
  • Relocation must come hand in hand with mitigation and prevention measures
• Factors contributing to the increase of disaster risks:

  • Climate change
  • Rapid and unplanned urbanization
  • Poverty and socio-economic inequalities
  • Environmental degradation
• Disaster Risk Model:

  • Disaster risk is expressed as a function of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability
  • It seeks to express the chance of the disaster happening and quantify the impact
• Can we prevent disasters from happening?

  • Hazards may be inevitable but disasters can be prevented
• Elements of Disaster Risk:

  • Disaster risk = Hazard x exposure x vulnerability
  • Enhanced resilience allows better anticipation of disasters and better planning to reduce disaster losses
• Why is resilience important in disaster?

  • Enhanced resilience allows better anticipation of disasters and better planning to reduce disaster losses
  • Factors contributing to personal resilience include the ways someone views and engages with the world, availability and quality of social resources, and specific coping strategies
• Concept of disaster:

  • A phenomenon that poses a threat to people, structures, or economic assets
  • Any event with the potential to cause disruption or damage to humans and their environment
• Concept of disaster risk:

  • The potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assets that could occur to a system, society, or community in a specific period of time, determined probabilistically as a function of hazard, exposure, and capacity
• Nature of disasters:

  • Natural disasters originate from different forces of nature
  • Meteorological disasters are caused by extreme weather conditions
  • Topographical disasters include internal earth processes or tectonic activities
  • Environmental/ecological disasters are due to human activities
  • Quasi-natural hazards arise from the interaction of natural processes and human activities
• Locations exposed to hazard:

  • Hazardous material
  • Power service disruption and blackout
  • Nuclear power plant and nuclear blast
  • Radiological emergencies
  • Chemical threats and biological weapons
  • Cyber Attacks
  • Explosion
  • Civil Unrest
  • Stampede and accidents
  • Oil spill
• When does a hazard become a disaster?

  • A disaster occurs when the probable destructive agent, the hazard, hits a vulnerable populated area
• What is disaster?

  • UN defines it as a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or society involving widespread human, material, economic, or environmental losses and impacts, exceeding the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources
  • A serious disruption in the functioning of a society, causing widespread human, material, or environmental losses that exceed the ability of the affected society to cope within its own resources
• Important aspects of hazards:

  • Magnitude and intensity:
  • Magnitude measures the strength of the event
  • Intensity measures the impacts on the ground, people, and structures
  • Speed of onset:
  • Predictability and lead time are critical in determining the damage
  • Duration:
  • Severe damage depends on how long the hazard affects an area
  • Larger aerial extent increases the potential for damage
• Relationship between risks, hazards & people:

  • Vulnerability describes the condition that makes a society prone to the impact of a hazard
  • Exposure is the tendency of losing property, people, systems, and other elements due to their presence within the hazard
  • Risk is the possibility of something bad happening
  • Hazard is a dangerous phenomenon that may cause loss of life, injury, property damage, and environmental damage
• Minimizing Disaster Risk:

  • Risk reduction through reduction of exposure and vulnerability
  • Keeping people and property away from hazards
  • Relocation must come hand in hand with mitigation and prevention measures
• Factors contributing to the increase of disaster risks:

  • Climate change
  • Rapid and unplanned urbanization
  • Poverty
  • Environmental degradation
• The Different Perspectives of Disaster:

  • Physical Perspective: affects physical elements like buildings and infrastructures
  • Psychological Perspective: mental challenges like PTSD
  • Socio-cultural Perspective: changes in roles and social relationships
  • Economic Perspective: affects the economic condition of a community
  • Political Perspective: effects and distribution of humanitarian aid are linked to politics
• Disaster Risk Model:

  • Disaster risk is expressed as a function of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability
  • It quantifies the chance of a disaster happening and its impact