STS

• Science and Technology have evolved from ancient times to the present
• Science, Technology, and Society is an interdisciplinary course that examines how science and technology shape and are shaped by society, politics, and culture
• Science is an evolving body of knowledge based on theoretical expositions and empirical activities that generate universal truths
• Technology is the application of science to create systems, processes, and objects to assist humans in daily activities
• Society is the sum total of human interactions, including those to understand nature and create things
• The history of science can teach us lessons about how scientists think and understand the world
• Ancient Egyptians had sophisticated medical practices 3,000 years before Christ
• Papyrus, an ancient form of paper, was an early invention of Egyptian civilization made from the papyrus plant
• Plato's student Aristotle began the "scientific revolution" from 600 BC to 500 AD, leading to advances in various scientific fields
• The Islamic Golden Age saw advancements in mathematics, including algebra, trigonometry, geometry, and Arabic numerals
• Ancient China contributed the Four Great Inventions: compass, gunpowder, papermaking, and printing
• The Renaissance period (1300 AD – 1600 AD) saw great advances in various fields including geography, astronomy, chemistry, physics, and engineering
• Johannes Gutenberg played a significant role in the invention of the printing press in the West
• The Enlightenment Period (1715 A.D. to 1789 A.D.) was characterized by radical reorientation in science and produced numerous scientific discoveries
• The Industrial Revolution (1760 - 1840) was closely connected to the rise of modern science and involved technological, socioeconomic, and cultural changes
• The 20th Century saw revolutionary changes in physics, biology, astronomy, chemistry, and other sciences, marked by Einstein's theory of relativity and the discovery of DNA structure
• The Fourth Industrial Revolution involves the fusion of advances in artificial intelligence, robotics, 3D printing, genetic engineering, and other technologies
• The historical development of science and technology in the Philippines includes advancements in agriculture, education, and scientific research during different periods
• The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) in the Philippines is the premiere body for scientific and technological activities, supporting national development
• The Philippines launched its first micro satellite, Diwata-1, in April 2016 for various applications including meteorological imaging and crop measurement
• Project NOAH and the Intelligent Operation Center Platform are initiatives in the Philippines that use technology to manage risks associated with natural hazards and disasters
• Current initiatives in the Philippines include Advanced Device and Materials Testing Laboratories, Genome Center, and Nanotechnology Centers for research and development in various applications
• A scientific paradigm is a framework containing commonly accepted views about a subject, while a paradigm shift is an important change in thinking or doing something
• Thomas Kuhn suggested that a paradigm includes the practices that define a scientific discipline at a certain point in time
• The usual developmental pattern of mature science involves successive transitions from one paradigm to another via revolution