STS 1B AND 1C

• Historical Development of Science and Technology in the Philippines
• Pre-Spanish Era

  • relied on archaeological findings to trace the beginning of how the Filipinos lived with the use of science and technology
• Pre-Spanish Era

  • have also engaged themselves to weaving, ship building, mining, and farming
  • led them in creating the finest products of engineering which is the Banaue Rice Terraces.
• Pre-Spanish Era

  • Early Filipinos build a refined plan built warship called Caracoa that well suited for inter- island trade.
  • They have learned the curative values of plants and able to extract the medicine out of it.
  • They had an alphabet, counting methods, weights, measurement system and the calendar
• Spanish Colonial Era

  • They have introduced formal education and founded scientific institution.
  • Parish schools were estalished where they taught religion, reading, writing, arithmetic and music.
• Spanish Colonial Era

  • Natives were taught a more advance methods in agriculture.
  • They have established colleges and universities around the country including the oldest university in Asia. University of Sto. Tomas
• American Period

  • Science was inclined towards agriculture, food processing, forestry, medicine, and pharmacy.
• American Period

  • The government supported basic and applied research in the medical, agricultural and related sciences
  • The University of the Philippines Los Baños opened the College of Agriculture in 1909
  • University of the Philippines – Diliman opened the Colleges of Arts, Engineering and Veterinary Medicine in 1910
  • The College of Medicine was opened four years later
• American Period

  • It was composed of a biological laboratory, chemical laboratory, serum laboratory for the production of virus vaccine, serums and prophylactics, and a library.
• American Period

  • The Bureau of Science served as the primary training ground for Filipino scientists
• American Period

  • paved the way for pioneering scientific research = study of various tropical diseases that were prevalent during those times like
  • leprosy, tuberculosis, cholera, dengue fever, malaria and beri-beri.
• American Period

  • The development of science and technology in the country was the publication of the Philippine Journal of Science.
• American Period

  • National Research Council of the Philippines was established on December 8, 1933.
• Commonwealth Period

  • Other government corporations and councils are created:
  • National Economic Council
  • National Power Corporation
  • National Development Company
  • National Abaca
  • Fibers Corporation
• Science and Technology since Independence

  • 1946 - The Bureau of Science was replaced by the Institute of Science and was placed under the Office of the President of the Philippines
• Science and Technology since Independence

  • 1950 - there were reports made by US Economic Survey about the Philippines’ problem with regards to science and technology
  • lack of basic information, no support, minimal budget and low compensation
• Science and Technology since Independence

  • 1958 - During the regimen of Carlos P. Garcia
  • Philippine Congress passed the bill entitled “The Science Act of 1958” - goal: establish the National Science Development Board
• Marcos Era/Science and Technology in the 1960s to 1990s

  • April 6, 1968 - Pres. Ferdinand Marcos proclaimed the 35 hectare land in Bicutan, Taguig as the site of the Philippine Science Community
  • 1969 - The government provided funds to private universities.
• Marcos Era/Science and Technology in the 1960s to 1990s

  • 1970s - Focus on science and technology was given to applied research and the main objective was to generate products and processes that were supposed to have a greater beneficial impact to the society
• Marcos Era/Science and Technology in the 1960s to 1990s

  • National Science Development Board (NSDB) - Which includes the Philippine Coconut Research Institute and Philippine Textile Research Institute. -- PCRI & PTRI
  • Philippine Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) - Another agency under NSDB, explored the uses of atomic energy for economic development.
• Marcos Era/Science and Technology in the 1960s to 1990s

  • Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Service Administration (PAGASA) - Under the Department of National Defense
  • to provide environmental protection
  • to utilize scientific knowledge
  • to ensure the safety of the people through
  • Presidential Decree No. 78, s. 1972
• Marcos Era/Science and Technology in the 1960s to 1990s

  • 1976 - Established the National Academy of Science and Technology to have scientists whose experts in science and technology.
  • 1986 - Under the Aquino administration, the National Science and Technology Authority was replaced by the Department of Science and Technology, giving science and technology a representation in the cabinet.
• Marcos Era/Science and Technology in the 1960s to 1990s

  • Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
  • The premiere science and technology body in the country charged with the twin mandate of providing central direction, leadership and coordination of all scientific and technological activities, and of formulating policies, programs and projects to support national development
• Marcos Era/Science and Technology in the 1960s to 1990s

  • President Fidel Ramos’s term - There was a significant increase in personnel specializing in the science and technology field.
  • “Science and Technology Agenda for National Development (STAND)” - A program that was significant to the field of S&T
• Marcos Era/Science and Technology in the 1960s to 1990s

  Seven identified export products were computer software:

  1. fashion accessories
  2. Gifts
  3. Toys
  4. House ware
  5. Marine product metal fabrications
  6. Furniture
  7. Dried fruits
• Marcos Era/Science and Technology in the 1960s to 1990s

  • Science, Technology and Innovations (STI) - Was developed further by strengthening the schools and education system such as the
  • Philippine Science High School (PSHS)
• Hopes in Philippine Science and Technology

  • April 2016 - The country launched into space its first microsatellite called Diwata-1
  • The Diwata Satellite provides real-time, high-resolution and multi-color infrared images for various applications
  • including meteorological imaging, crop and ocean productivity measurement and high- resolution imaging of natural and man-made features
• Hopes in Philippine Science and Technology

  • Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards (NOAH)
  • Uses the Lidar (light detection and ranging) technology
  • helps the government in providing timely warning with a lead time of at least six hours in the wake of impending floods
• Hopes in Philippine Science and Technology

  • June 2012 - Project NOAH was initiated to help manage risks associated with natural hazards and disasters.
• Hopes in Philippine Science and Technology

  • Intelligent Operation Center Platform - Established through a collaboration between the local government of Davao City and IBM Philippines Inc.,
  • The center resulted in the creation of a dashboard that allows authorized government agencies, such as --
  • Police, Fire, Anti-terrorism task force, to use analytics software for monitoring events and operations in real time.
• Current Initiatives in Science and Technology in the Country

  • Advanced Device and Materials Testing Laboratories
  • The center houses advanced equipment for failure analysis and materials characterization to address advanced analytical needs for quality control, materials identification and R&D
• Current Initiatives in Science and Technology in the Country

  Genome Center

  Combines basic and applied research for the development of health diagnostics, therapeutics, DNA forensics and Preventive products, and improved crop varieties
• Current Initiatives in Science and Technology in the Country

  Nanotechnology Centers

  Provide technical services and enabling environment for interdisciplinary and collaborative R&D in various nanotechnology applications
• Current Initiatives in Science and Technology in the Country

  Paradigm Shift

  • A scientific paradigm is a framework containing all the commonly accepted views about a subject, conventions about what direction research should take and how it should be performed.
• Current Initiatives in Science and Technology in the Country

  • A paradigm shift is defined as "an important change that happens when the usual way of thinking about or doing something is replaced by a new and different way”
• Current Initiatives in Science and Technology in the Country

  Thomas Kuhn

  • Suggested that a paradigm includes “the practices that define a scientific discipline at a certain point in time."
  • "The successive transition from one paradigm to another via revolution is the usual developmental pattern of mature science"
• RECAP:

  • Pre-Spanish Era
  • S&T Since Independence
  • Spanish Colonial Era
  • S&T in the 60's to 90's
  • American Period
  • Hopes in the Philippines S&T
  • Commonwealth Period
  • Current Initiatives in the PH S&T