ELEMENTS OF POETRY,SHORT STORY, and Literary DEVICES

• Lines is a group of words arranged in a row
• stanzas are a series of line grouped together and separated by empty lines from other stanzas
• Form is the overall structure of the poem
• Lyric poetry expresses thoughts and feelings
• Narrative poetry tells a story
• Rhyme is repetition of similar sounds at the end of each line
• Rhythm is the recurrence of stressed and unstressed sounds in poem
• Meter is the unit of rhythm of pattern of beats
• Sound devices are used to stressed sounds and create musical and dramatic effect in poems
• Alliteration is the repetition of initial consonant sounds
• Assonance is the repetition of vowel sound
• Consonance is the repetition of consonance sound in two or more words
• Onomatopoeia is the sounds that imitate nature
• Setting is the time and place of the story
• Plot is the series of events that occur in a story, novel, or play.
• Conflict is the struggle between opposing forces
• Theme is the message the author is trying to convey to the reader. It is the central idea of the story.
• Point of view - The perspective from which the story is told.
• Tone is the attitude of the writer towards the subject of the text. It is the writer's attitude towards the topic.
• mood is the emotional atmosphere within the story
• simile is Terri dissimilar object being compared to each other and the comparison is made clear by the use of the word like or such as
• Metaphor is comparison of two things that are implied but not clearly stated
• Hyperbole use of exaggeration
• Personification: the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something non-human, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form
• Imagery use of figurative language to create a mental picture of a scene or idea.
• Symbolism: the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities
• What possibilities are available to a woman who eats this orange? To a man?

  Gender/Feminist Theory
• What shape and diameter is the orange?

  Formalism
• Who owns this orange?Who gets to eat it?

  Marxist Theory
• Who owns the orange? Who took it away?

  Postcolonial Theory
• What does the orange taste like? What does the orange remind the reader of?

  Reader Response Theory
• I want this orange now! Will I get in trouble if i eat it?

  Psychological Theory
• What are the critical stances for literature?

  1. Formalist
  2. Biographical
  3. Historical/Cultural
  4. Psychological
  5. Mythological
  6. Marxist
  7. Gender/Feminist
  8. Deconstructionist
  9. Postcolonial
  10. Readers Response
• What is the benefit of studying literature?

  To know we are not alone
• What is an elegy?

  • special kind of lyric
  • sorrow, woe, or despair
  • a lament or lyric of mourning
  • Characterised with absolute sincerity
• Formalist criticism focuses on the internal elements and structures such as symbolism, language, form, and genre
• Literary criticism is given to works written by experts who critique, analyze an authors work
• Literary Criticism is often referred to as?

  Secondary Source
• Formalist criticism emerged in?

  20th century
• who are the key figures of formalist approach?

  I.A Richards, Cleaneth Brooks, and new Critics