The product of the mass, specific heat capacity, and temperature change of an object.
Chemical Changes
Changes to the chemical structure of a substance. The substance doesn't usually restore its original properties when the changes are reversed.
Condensation
The change from a gaseous (vapour) state to a liquid state; the cooling of an object.
Density
The mass per unit volume of an object.
Evaporation
The change from a liquid state to a gaseous (vapour) state; a substance is heated.
Freezing
The changing from a liquid state to a solid state; a substance is cooled.
Gas temperature
The temperature of gas is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of it's molecules.
Internal energy
The energy stored by the atoms and molecules that make up a system. It is equal to the sum of the total kinetic and potential energies of the particles in the system.
Latent heat
The energy required for a substance to change state.
Melting
The changing from a solid state to a liquid state; a substance is heated.
Pascals
The unit of pressure, equal to a force of 1 newton acting perpendicular to an area of 1 metre squared.
Physical Changes
Changes to the physical properties of a substance which can be reversed. Changes of states are physical changes since substances can restore their original properties when the changes are reversed.
Pressure
The force acting perpendicular to a substance, per unit area.
Specific Heat Capacity
The amount of energy required to raise 1Kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.
Specific Latent Heat of Fusion
The amount of energy needed to change 1Kg of a substance from a solid state to a liquid state, whilst held at a constant temperature.
Specific Latent Heat of Vaporization
The amount of energy needed to change 1Kg of a substance from a liquid state to a gaseous state whilst being held at a constant temperature.
Specific Latent Heat
The amount of energy needed to change the state of 1Kg of a substance whilst being held at a constant temperature.
Sublimation
The direct changing of state from a solid to a gas state, without passing through the liquid state phase.