Micro 2

• Mutualism is when both organisms benefit from their relationship.
• Parasitism is where one organism benefits at the expense of another.
• Commensalism is where one organism benefits, but not harmed by the other.
• What are the microbial relationships?

  1. Mutualism
  2. Commensalism
  3. Synergism
  4. Parasitism
• What happens during commensalism?

  One organism benefits while the other is unaffected.
• What is synergism?

  When they come together they do something extra. (1+1=3)
• How many microbial cells does the human body contain?


  40 trillion
• What are normal flora?

  Microorganisms that live on or within the human body without causing harm.
• What are the 2 most common normal flora?

  streptococci and staphylococci
• Where shouldnt normal flora be?

  circulatory system, internal organs, CNS, bladder, stomach, fetus
• How long does it take for a newborn to have normal flora

  within weeks
• What are the benefits of normal flora?

  1. Prevent pathogens from creating infection site
  2. E.coli produce vitamin K (Blood clotting)
  3. Intestinal bacteria break down fiber
  4. Intestinal bacteria alter gene expression.
• What happens when normal flora get relocated or get destroyed?

  usually causes infection...

  • urinary tract infection
  • yeast vaginitis
  • diarrhea
  • toxic shock
  • staph infection (wounds)
• Infection translates to...

  "to mix with"
• Infection is...

  pathogenic organism invading body
• Disease translates to...

  "living apart" (quarantine)
• Disease is...

  any change from a state of good health
• are disease and infection the same?

  no
• Pathogenicity translates to

  "suffering"
• Pathogenicity means...

  ability of a parasitic microbe to infect and bring about disease
• Virulence translates to

  "full of poisen"
• Virulence is...

  The degree of pathogenicity (antivirulent = does not cause disease
• What is the process of infectious disease (Specify the periods)?

  1. Period of incubation
  2. period of prodromal symptoms
  3. Period of acme
  4. Period of decline
  5. period of convalescence
• During which of the stages is the host infectious?


  all of them
• During which stage is the host contagious?

  ACME
• true or false - ACME is the stationary phase.

  True
• Incubation period

  • time from initial contact to display of symptoms.
  • affected by many factors.
  • usually 1-30 days
• SARS CoV 2 incubation period?

  1-14 days (commonly 5-6 days)
• Salmonellosis incubation period

  less than a day
• AIDS incubation period

  1-8 years
• Leprosy incubation period

  10-30 years
• Prodromal period

  • body has started to fight.
  • feeling sick
  • general symptoms
• ACME period

  • most contagious
  • characteristic symptoms (pox in chicken pox)
  • fever and chills
  • body is expelling it.
• Decline period

  • symptoms decrease
  • sweating
• Convalescent period

  • you are still weak, but recovery period.
  • more susceptible to infection
• What are the modes of transmission?

  1. Direct
  2. Droplet
  3. Indirect (fomites, vectors, reservoir)
• What are the forms of direct transmission?

  1. direct physical contact
  2. inhaling respiratory secretions
  3. Droplet transmission
  4. Animal bites
  5. congenital transfer
• a turbulent gas cloud is _____ meters

  7-8
• Larger droplets drop ____ meters

  1-2
• What is an example of infection by animal bites?


  rabies