FUNDA

• Florence Nightingale defined nursing as the act of utilizing the patient's environment to assist in their recovery
• Nurses need to manipulate the patient's environment to assist them, such as providing good lighting and clean air
• Florence Nightingale made a significant contribution to the nursing profession during her time in the Crimean War
• Virginia Henderson described the unique function of a nurse as assisting individuals, sick or well, in activities contributing to health and recovery
• Nursing care is not limited to the sick, but also extends to promoting self-care to the patient
• Assist sick individuals to have a peaceful death
• American Nurses Association (ANA) in 2010 defined nursing as the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, and alleviation of suffering through diagnosis and treatment of human response
• Nursing involves caring for patients, promoting their health, and providing the necessary level of care they need
• Nursing is client-centered, holistic, adaptive, and concerned with health promotion, maintenance, and restoration
• Nursing is a helping profession
• Common themes in nursing definitions include caring, being an art, a science, client-centered, holistic, adaptive, and concerned with health promotion, maintenance, and restoration
• Criteria of a profession include requiring extensive education or a calling, specialized knowledge, skill, and preparation
• A profession is distinguished by its requirements of prolonged, specialized training to acquire knowledge pertinent to the role to be performed
• A profession has a self-impelling power to retain its members throughout life
• Autonomy in decision-making is essential in a professional organization
• Nursing is both a science and an art, where principles learned are applied in the skillful care of the well and ill
• The art of nursing involves specific procedures and techniques, such as positioning a patient during convulsions to prevent aspiration
• The science of nursing involves applying learned principles in patient care
• Recipients of Nursing:

  • Consumer:
  • An individual, a group of people or a community that uses a service or community
  • It can be anyone that uses the service you are providing
  • Patient:
  • A person who is waiting for or undergoing medical treatment and care
  • Considered as the sick consumer
  • Client:
  • A person who engages the advice and services of another who is qualified to provide health care service
  • This term is applicable also to those who are receiving health teachings
• Concepts of Man:

  • Man forms the foundation component of nursing
  • Without the man, the nurses have no patient
  • Need to take a look at the concept of man
  • Primary consideration to understand:
  • To be able to provide individualized, holistic, humane, ethical and quality nursing
  • We really need to know man in order for us to give attention to the needs of these patients because each one have different needs
• • We have been receiving what we have been taught
  • The same way of speaking, language
• Four Major Attributes of Human Being:

  • The capacity to think or conceptual on the abstract level
  • The level of thinking of man disguises them from other animals
  • Family formation:
  • We are not alone, we belong to a certain family and eventually form a family
  • Tendency to seek and maintain territory:
  • As a human being, it is part of our nature to settle in, to move to another place or where the need is
  • The ability to use verbal symbols as language, as a means of developing and maintaining culture
  • These verbal symbols, these are our language we are taught when we are young
• Man is a Biopsychosocial and Spiritual Being (Roy):

  • Biologic Being:
  • Have some basic human needs
  • Psychological Being:
  • Rational but at times irrational
  • Mature with a core immaturity
  • With limited and unlimited nature
  • A being of contradictions
  • A being usually at the crossroads of indecisiveness
  • Social Being:
  • A group of people have common attributes that make them different from other groups
  • Spiritual Being:
  • Endowed with virtues of faith, hope, and charity
• • Believe in the existence of supreme power who guides our fate and destiny, to whom we seek console in the case difficulties in life
• Man is an Open System (Roy):

  • In constant interaction with the environment
  • Allows input and output to and from its boundaries
  • Man is an open system, we are influenced by the environment and the environment is influenced by man
• Man is a Unified Whole (Rogers):

  • Composed of parts which are interdependent and interrelated with each other
  • The different organ and organ systems function together to achieve a particular purpose
• Man is Whole, complete and independent being who has 14 fundamental needs (Henderson):

  • Breathe
  • Eat and drink
  • Eliminate
  • Move and maintain posture
  • Sleep and rest
  • Dress and undress
  • Maintain body temperature
  • Keep clean
  • Avoid danger
  • Communicate
  • Worship
  • Work
  • Play
  • Learn
• The Basic Human Needs:

  • Need:
  • Something that is essential to the emotional and physiological health and survival of humans
• Basic human needs are essential to the emotional and physiological health and survival of humans
• Theory on basic need:

  • Its absence results in illness
  • Its presence prevents illness or signals health
  • Meeting an unmet need restores health
• Characteristics of Basic Human Needs:

  • Needs are universal
  • Needs may be met in different ways
  • Needs may be stimulated by external and internal factors
  • Priorities may be altered depending on the need
  • Needs may be deferred, especially when they are not essential
  • Needs are interrelated
• • Physiological: food, air, water, temperature regulation, elimination, rest, sex, and physical activity
• Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (1970):

  • Transcendence: helping others self-actualize
  • Self-actualization: personal growth, reaching potential
  • Aesthetic: symmetry, order, beauty
  • Cognitive: knowledge, understanding, exploration
  • Self-esteem: pride, sense of accomplishment, recognition by others
  • Love and belonging: giving and receiving affection, meaningful relationships, belonging to group(s)
  • Safety and security: protection, emotional and physical safety and security, order, law, stability, shelter
• Physiological needs (Bottom of the pyramid):

  • Some of these needs can be deferred like rest, sex, and physical activity
• Safety and security:

  • People living on the street can survive without shelter and safety because physiological needs are met
  • Safety and security is a higher level of need that we should get in order to live comfortably
• Love and belonging:

  • Giving and receiving affection
  • Being accepted by a certain group, especially family, gives assurance, strength, higher self-esteem because of their support
  • Having that gives you a sense of satisfaction
• Self-esteem:

  • Pride, sense of accomplishments, recognition by others
• Cognitive

  Aesthetic

  Self-Actualization

  Transcendence

  • In his later work, Maslow identified two growth needs that must be met prior to reaching self-actualization (1970):
  • Cognitive needs (to know, understand, and explore): more satisfying that craving for knowledge, curious about things
  • Aesthetic needs for symmetry, order, and beauty: artists improve the aesthetic in their body and it boosts their confidence, satisfying themselves
• Characteristics of Self-actualizers:

  • Introductory concepts: Concept of Nursing - Nursing as a profession, art, science
  • Definitions of Nursing:

  1. Florence Nightingale:

  • The act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery
  • As nurses, we need to manipulate the environment of the patient in order to assist the patient. Bringing patient good lighting, clean air, etc.
  • She made a very big contribution to the nursing profession during her time in the Crimean War

  2. Virginia Henderson:
• • The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health and its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge, and to do this in such a way to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible
  • Assist sick individual to be able to have a peaceful death
  • Quite relatable because we are also creating to those who are well, Nursing care is not limited to the sick
  • Help the patient perform what is needed, promote self-care to the patient