Statistics

• The process of removing anomalies from a data set is known as cleaning the data.
• Correlation describes the nature of the linear relationship between two variables.
• Two variables have a causal relationship if one variable causes a change in the other.
• An experiment is a repeatable process that gives rise to a number of outcomes.
• An event is a collection of one or more outcomes.
• A sample space is the set of all possible outcomes.
• A Venn diagram can be used to represent events graphically. Frequencies or probabilities can be places in the regions of the Venn diagram.
• A tree diagram can be used to show the outcomes of two (or more) events happening in succession.

  
• You can model X with a binomial distribution, B(n,p), if

  • There are a fixed number of trials
  • There are two possible outcomes (success and failure)
  • There is a fixed probability of success, p
  • The trials are independent of each other

  
• The null hypothesis, H0, is the hypothesis that you assume to be correct.

  
• The alternative hypothesis, H1, tells you about the parameter if your assumption is shown to be wrong.

  
• Hypothesis tests with a null hypothesis are called one-tailed tests. (H1:p<… and H1:p>…)

  
• Hypothesis tests with an alternative hypothesis in the form (H1:p≠…) are called two-tailed tests.