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11 Biology
Unit 1: Diversity with Life
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Autotrophs
get
energy
from the
sun
and
inorganic compounds.
Heterotrophs
get energy by breaking down
organic compounds
from other living things.
A colonial organism is a
colony
of
small close
to
identical
individuals
functioning together
like a
multi-cell organism
, like
green algae.
Growth happens by
cells
in an
organism taking
in
nutrients
and getting
bigger
or
cell division.
Sexual
reproduction
makes new organisms with genetic info from 2 parents.
Asexual reproduction
makes a new organism from just one parent and is essentially a clone.
Organelles
are parts of a cell performing different functions.
Organisms have to maintain the conditions of cells in their bodies to maintain an internal balance called
homeostasis.
Living things
respond
to
stimuli
in their
environments.
Populations will change to
adapt
to the environment.
Characteristics that help organisms live are passed onto offspring- this is
natural selection.
Species
are a group of organisms interbreeding in nature and creating fertile offspring.
Biological
species concept defines a species on whether or not two organisms can succesfully breed.
Morphological
species concept defines a species based on morphology- shape, size, and more features.
Phylogenetic
species concept defines a species based off the evolutionary history of organisms, or
phylogeny.
Taxonomy
is the science of
identifying
and
classifying
a
living
thing.
Taxonomy groups
species according to their
characteristics
and into
category.
Taxonomy groups are;
Domain
,
Kingdom
,
Phylum
,
Class
,
Order
,
Family
,
Genus
, and
Species.
Ranks is a
classification scheme
such as
phylum
or
order.
Taxon
is a named group of
organisms.
Binomial nomenclature is a
formal naming system.
The first part,
genus name
, identifies the
group
and the second part is the
species name.
Evolution
is the theory describing
changes
in
species
over time and their
shared ancestry.
Anatomical
is the study of an organisms
structure.
Physiology is the
function
of the organism.
DNA
, in
relationships
, can be
genetically anaylized
to indicate one.
DNA barcoding
is a technology which creates a
DNA profile
of species.
DNA barcoding
was created by
Paul Herbert
at
Guelph 2010
with
66,000
o species so far.
Classification within taxa or levels is based on most
common ancestors.
A
phylogenic
tree or
cladograms
shows
evolutionary relationships
between species and groups.
Branches
in a cladogram reveals
evolutionary relationships
with a
species
on the
tip.
Nodes
represent a
common ancestor.
What is a branch?
Branches
represent an
evolutionary relationship.
The three domains are
bacteria
,
archaea
, and
eukarya.
Bacteria and archaea are considered
prokaryotes
with no
nucleus
, one
cell
, and no
membrane bound organelles.
The
endosymbiotic
theory explains how
eukaryotic cells
evolved.
Eukaryotic cells evolved by a
larger cell engulfing small cells
which would eventually become
organelles.
Evidence of
endosymbiotic
theory is the
mitochondria
and
chloroplasts
with genes resembling
prokaryotes
and
circular
DNAs.
The six kingdoms are
animalia
,
plantae
,
fungi
,
protista
,
eubacteria
,
nd archaebacteria.
Dichotomus keys
are questions with only
two
possible answers to help identify
species.
An example of bacteria is
staphylococcus.
It is
prokaryote
with
peptidoglycan
for
cell wall
and is
asexual.
Bacteria can be
auto
or
hetro.
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