intro to globalisation

• cultural diffusion - spread of cultural beliefs and social activities into different cultures
• cultural erosion - reduction of a culture due to globalisation
• deindustrialisation - reduction in industrial capaicty , leading to social and economic change within a region
• diaspora - 'to scatter about' , people displaced from their homeland , voluntarily or forced
• Foreign direct investment (FDI) - an investment by one country or business with an interest in another country
• glocalisation - adaptation of a good offered by a TNC to suit a local market
• high-level service - services that require skilled employees and can have complicated processes e.g finanical services
• what is globalisation?

  globalisation is the increasing connections between places and people across the planet , established through trade , politics , and cultural exchange , and helped by technology and transport.
• 4 types of globalisation

  • economic
  • social
  • cultural
  • political
• what happened in 2000?

  millennium development goals launches

  • launched by UN , aimed to raise living standards in world's poorest countries
• what happened in 2004?


  facebook begins

  • associated with growth of globalsation and 'shrinking world' effect (change in perception of what is near or far)
• what happened in 2011?


  china overtakes Japan to become the world's largest economy
• what happened in 2001?


  • 9/11
  • age of globalisation is afflicted by conflict and disagreement
• what happened in 1996?


  broadband internet becomes available for homes in US and EU.
• what happened in 1990?

  first proper Windows personal computers sold - miracle of tech at time
• what happened in 1998?


  tesco opens its first overseas store in Asia
• what happened in 1975?


  Britain joins Europe - political globalisation
• what happened in 1944?

  The World Bank is set up , close of Second World War
• what happened in 1948?


  Jamaicans migrate to the UK - British culture has become more globally diverse
• what are the 5 globalisation flows?

  • labour
  • product
  • capital
  • information
  • service
• free movement only possible within some regions e.g Schegen Area in EU
• airlines such as Ryanair , Wizz Air and Easyjet let you travel to different countries for 20 - growth of tourist flows
• what is a labour flow?

  movements of working people , as internal migrants or emigrants/immigrants
• what is a product flow?

  transfer of goods across international borders from places of production to places of assembly and on to places of sale
• what is a capital flow?

  conveying money through financial transactions and dealings in stocks and shares , government bonds and investment banks
• social globalisation

  • Social globalisation describes the increasing number of international migrants, the increasing quality of education and healthcare and the rise of social media.
• cultural globalisation describes the spread of Western ideas and culture such as American films, fast food and fashion.
• political globalisation

  • describes the growth of trade blocs as different countries seek to work together to increase the prevalence of free trade.
  • Important organisations in political globalisation are the World Bank, IMF (International Monetary Fund), World Trade Organisation and the United Nations.
• economic globalisation

  • growth of MNCS (multinational corporations) or TNCS (transnational companies) e.g Apple , Google
  • includes growth of internet and better communication technology
• leapfrogging - skipping past old technology and just making new technology
• a flow is when countries share things with one another
• core regions - wealthier , developed countries that have power
• periphery regions - less wealthy, developing / less developed countries that have less power
• product flows are international - transported to one country , transported to another
• products are produced in HICs typically as they have the money to manufacture and produce (e.g more factories)
• technological advancements (transport + communication) allows for flows of products to happen faster
• offshoring - relocating internationally
• offshoring to LIC's due to cheaper labor rates + reduced taxes. More profits for companies
• HICS import products from LICS then sell them for much cheaper
• offshoring to LICS has lead to exploitation e.g sweatshops in Vietnam for Nike

  • 70 hours week
  • paid 65-90 cents per hour