Mitosis and Meiosis

• Mitosis


  The process of cell division that results in the formation of two identical daughter cells.
• Cell Cycle


  The series of events that occur in a cell leading to its division and duplication.
• Multicellular Organisms


  Organisms composed of multiple specialized cells that work together to perform specific functions.
• Erythrocytes


  Red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body.
• Neutrophils


  White blood cells that play a crucial role in the immune response to infections.
• Squamous Epithelial Cells

  Flat, scale-like cells that line various organs and body cavities, providing protection and facilitating diffusion.
• Ciliated Epithelial Cells

  Epithelial cells with hair-like structures called cilia, which are involved in moving substances along the surface of tissues.
• Sperm Cells


  Male reproductive cells that are involved in fertilizing the female egg.
• Palisade Cells


  Plant cells found in leaves that are responsible for photosynthesis, containing a high concentration of chloroplasts.
• Root Hair Cells

  Specialized cells in plant roots that have long extensions, increasing the surface area for water and mineral absorption.
• Guard Cells


  Specialized cells in plant leaves that regulate the opening and closing of stomata, controlling gas exchange and water loss.
• Stem Cells

  Undifferentiated cells that have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into specialized cell types.
• Renewable Source


  Stem cells as a potential source of undifferentiated cells for tissue repair and regeneration.
• Erythrocyte Production


  The generation of red blood cells derived from stem cells located in the bone marrow.
• Neutrophil Production


  The generation of white blood cells (neutrophils) derived from stem cells located in the bone marrow.
• Xylem Vessels


  Specialized plant cells that transport water and minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant.
• Phloem Sieve Tubes


  Specialized plant cells that transport sugars and other organic compounds throughout the plant.
• Stem Cells in Research

  The potential uses of stem cells in studying developmental biology and repairing damaged tissues.
• Neurological Conditions


  Medical conditions that affect the nervous system, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
• Mitosis Video


  A video that explains the process of mitosis, illustrating the stages and key events.
• Hierarchy of Stem Cells


  The different levels of potency and differentiation capability observed in stem cells.
• Totipotent Stem Cells


  Stem cells that have the ability to differentiate into any cell type and even form complete organisms.
• Pluripotent Stem Cells


  Stem cells that have the ability to differentiate into all tissue types but cannot form complete organisms.
• Multipotent Stem Cells


  Stem cells that have the ability to differentiate into a specific class of cells.
• Sources of Stem Cells


  Various sources of stem cells, including plants, embryos, adult tissues, and umbilical cords.
• Cambium


  A layer of plant tissue that can divide and give rise to new phloem and xylem cells.
• Embryo/Fetal Stem Cells


  Stem cells derived from embryos or fetuses that have the potential to differentiate into various cell types.
• Adult Stem Cells


  Stem cells found in adult tissues that have the ability to differentiate into a limited range of cell types.
• Umbilical Cord Stem Cells


  Stem cells obtained from the umbilical cord that hold potential for future medical treatments.
• Arguments for Embryo/Fetal Stem Cells

  Reasons supporting the use of embryo/fetal stem cells in medical treatments, highlighting their potential benefits.
• Arguments against Embryo/Fetal Stem Cells


  Reasons opposing the use of embryo/fetal stem cells in medical treatments, emphasizing ethical concerns.
• Stem Cell Treatments


  Potential medical applications of stem cells in treating various conditions, offering new therapeutic possibilities.
• Ethical Considerations in Stem Cell Use


  Debates surrounding the ethical implications of using stem cells in research and medicine, addressing moral concerns.
• Meiosis


  Cell division process that halves the chromosome number, resulting in the formation of haploid cells involved in sexual reproduction
• Haploid


  Having half the number of chromosomes as a diploid cell; haploid cells are involved in sexual reproduction
• Homologous chromosomes


  Pairs of chromosomes that have the same genes in the same places; they are involved in genetic recombination during meiosis
• Centromere


  Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are attached during cell division
• Chromosome


  Thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins; carries genetic information
• Chromatid


  One of the two identical copies of a replicated chromosome; formed during the S phase of the cell cycle
• Nuclear envelope

  Double membrane that surrounds the nucleus; separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm