II. DEVCOM: COMMUNICATION

• It is the process of using signs, symbols, and behaviors

  to exchange information and create meaning (Floyd,

  2011).
• Communication is:

  • a two-way process.

  • an interaction between the sender and the

  receiver.

  • the use of a channel to send a message.
• Levels of Communication

  • Intrapersonal Communication

  • Interpersonal Communication

  • Mass Communication
• Types of Communication

  • Intrapersonal Communication

  • Interpersonal Communication

  • Small Group Communication (3-20 people)

  • Public Communication

  • Mass Communication
• Elements of Communication

  • Sender/Source

  • Message

  • Receiver

  • Channel

  • Effect - overt or covert

  • Feedback

  • Noise – internal, external, semantic
• Communication Model

  • Lasswell’s Model

  • Shannon and Weaver’s “Mathematical Model”

  • Newcomb’s Model

  • Osgood and Schramm’s Model

  • Berlo’s Model

  • Dance’s Helical Model
• It is a process of clearly transmitting a

  message and acknowledging that it has

  been received and understood by an

  intended audience (Business Queensland,

  2022).
• Three Levels of Communication barriers

  1. Technical – how accurately the message will be sent
  2. Semantic – precise meaning
  3. Effectiveness Problems – effectiveness
• Communication Barriers

  1. Physical barriers
  2. Psychological
  3. Social barriers
• Barriers to Effective communication

  1. Channel noise
  2. Environmental factors/conditions
  3. Semantic noise
  4. Socio-psychological barriers (stereotyping, prejudice)
  5. Ethnocentrism
• 1. Noise

  • physical or psychological noise

  • anything that could distract an individual from

  what they intend to listen to.
• 2. Pseudolistening

  • pretending that you are listening to someone.
• 3. Selective Attention

  • listening only to what you want to hear from

  someone

  • ignoring what you don’t want to hear.
• 4. Information Overload

  • being overwhelmed by the massive amount of

  information you consume every day.
• 5. Selective Attention

  • listening only to what you want to hear from

  someone

  • ignoring what you don’t want to hear.
• 6. Glazing Over or Daydreaming

  • wandering while another person is speaking.
• 7. Rebuttal Tendency

  • formulate a response in your head while another

  person is still speaking.
• 8. Closed-mindedness

  • Since you disagree with the topic, there is a

  tendency that people will not listen.
• 9. Competitive Interrupting

  • talking when someone is still speaking.

  • interrupting a conversation to control the

  discussion.
• Elements of Communication competence

  1. Knowledge
  2. Skills
  3. Sensitivity
  4. Values