MIS CHAPTER 5&6

• Telecommunications Trends:

  • Many organizations are becoming internet worked enterprises that use the Internet, intranets, and other telecommunications networks to support business operations and collaboration within the enterprise, and with customers, suppliers, and other business partners
  • Telecommunications technology is moving towards open, internet worked digital networks for voice, data, video, and multimedia
  • A major trend is the pervasive use of the Internet and its technologies to build interconnected enterprise and global networks like intranets and extranets
• Business Application of Telecommunications:

  • Information technology, especially in telecommunications-based business applications, helps companies overcome geographic, time, cost, and structural barriers to business success
  • Telecommunications is the sending of information in any form from one place to another using electronic or light emitting media
  • Data communication describes the transmitting and receiving of data over communication links between computer systems and input/output terminals
• Enterprise Collaboration Applications:

  • Use telecommunications networks to support communication, coordination, and collaboration among business teams and workgroups
  • Employees and external consultants on a project team may use the Internet, intranets, and extranets for electronic mail, video conferencing, electronic discussion groups, and multi-media web pages to communicate and collaborate on business projects
• Major Trends in Telecommunications:

  1. Industry Trend:

  • Towards a greater number of competitive vendors, carriers, alliances, and network services accelerated by deregulation and the growth of the Internet

  2. Technology Trends:

  • Towards the use of the Internet and other open and interconnected local and global digital networks for voice, data, images, and video with heavy use of high-speed fiber optic lines and satellite channels

  3. Application Trend:
• • Towards the pervasive use of the Internet and enterprise intranets and inter-organizational extranets to support electronic commerce, enterprise collaboration, online business organization, and strategic advantage in local and global markets
• Open Systems:

  • Information systems that use common standards for hardware, software, applications, and networking
  • Provide greater connectivity and a high degree of network interoperability
• 1. Commerce:

  • The buying, selling, marketing, and servicing of products over the internet and other networks
  • E-commerce has seen a surge in business-to-business and business-to-customer electronic trade with the development of the World Wide Web
• The Development of the Internet:

  • Composed of many interconnected computer networks enabling people worldwide to communicate effectively and inexpensively
  • The Internet has made it possible for individuals, companies, and institutions to communicate, share information, and conduct business activities
• Internet Access:

  • Refers to the communication between a residence or business and an ISP that connects to the Internet
  • Falls into three broad categories: dedicated, dial-up, and wireless
• Network Names and Addresses:

  • Computers are assigned unique IP addresses for communication over the Internet
  • Domain names are also assigned to computers for easier user access; protocol software translates domain names into IP addresses
• • A major trend is the pervasive use of the Internet and its technologies to build interconnected enterprise and global networks, like intranets and extranets, that form information superhighways to support enterprise collaboration, electronic commerce, and internal business applications
• Telecommunications Trends:

  • Many organizations are becoming internet worked enterprises that use the Internet, intranets, and other telecommunications networks to support business operations and collaboration within the enterprise, and with their customers, suppliers, and other business partners
  • Telecommunications technology is moving toward open, internet worked digital networks for voice, data, video, and multimedia
• 1. Mail:

  • Widely used Internet application for exchanging messages between individuals or groups
  • E-mail software allows for the transfer of text messages, non-text documents, and the creation of mail lists and online discussion groups
• 1. mail software allows the transfer of non-text documents, such as photographs, images, executable computer programs, and prerecorded audio
• Business Application of Telecommunications:

  • Information technology, especially in telecommunications-based business applications, helps companies overcome geographic, time, cost, and structural barriers to business success
  • Telecommunications is the sending of information in any form (e.g. voice, data, text, and images) from one place to another using electronic or light emitting media
  • Data communication describes the transmitting and receiving of data over communication links between one or more computer systems and a variety of input/output terminals
• • Enterprise collaboration applications use telecommunications networks to support communication, coordination, and collaboration among the members of business teams and workgroups
• Attachments appended to an e-mail message are called attachments and are encoded using Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
• MIME software encodes each document using printable letters and digits before sending it and decodes the item when the e-mail arrives
• MIME allows a single message to contain multiple items, enabling a sender to include a cover letter that explains each of the attachments
• Telnet application enables a user to interactively access a remote computer, giving the appearance that the user's keyboard and monitor are connected directly to the remote computer
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is used to download files from an Internet site to a user's computer
• Network News discussion groups (newsgroups) are a form of online discussion where messages are disseminated to computers around the world that run news server software
• Voice Over IP (VoIP) allows individuals and businesses to make phone calls over the Internet
• Bandwidth is the amount of data that a computer network can transfer in a certain amount of time, measured in kilobits per second (kbps) or megabits per second (mbps)
• Dial-up telephone modems can transfer data at rates of up to 56 kbps; DSL and cable modem connections are faster and can transfer at a few mbps
• Internet connections used by businesses can operate at 45 mbps or more
• Leading Commercial Online Services and ISPs include America Online, AT&T WorldNet, Earthlink Network, Microsoft Network, Netcom
• Major components of a telecommunications network include terminals, telecommunications processors, communication channels, computers, and telecommunications control software
• Telecommunications media include twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber optics, terrestrial microwave, communication satellites, cellular phone systems, and wireless LANs
• Modems convert digital signals into analog frequencies for transmission over telephone lines
• Multiplexers allow a single communications channel to carry simultaneous data transmission from many terminals
• Network architectures and protocols use standard rules and procedures for the control of communications in a network
• Three basic topologies used in WAN and LAN are point-to-point lines, multi-drop lines, star network, ring network, and bus network
• Network architectures aim to promote an open, simple, flexible, and efficient telecommunications environment
• OSI Model:

  • Developed by the International Standards Organization (ISO)
  • Consists of seven layers to serve as a standard model for network architectures
• Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP):

  • Used by the Internet, intranets, and extranets
  • Other organizations are converting their client/server networks to TCP/IP
• Five Levels of Protocol of TCP/IP:

  1. Application or Process Layer

  2. Host-to-Host Transfer Layer

  3. Internet Protocol

  4. Network Interface

  5. Physical Layer
• Bandwidth:

  • Classification of communication speed and capacity of telecommunications network
  • Determines the channel's maximum transmission rate
  • Data transmission rates are typically measured in bits per second (BPS)
• Common Software Functions in Telecommunication Packages:

  1. Access Control: Establishes connections between terminals and computers in a network

  2. Transmission Control: Allows computers and terminals to send and receive commands, manage data and programs

  3. Network Management: Manages communication in a telecommunication network

  4. Error Control: Involves detection and correction of transmission errors

  5. Security Management: Protects a communications network from unauthorized access
• Data Management:

  • Data are vital organizational resources that need to be managed
  • Data resource management applies information systems technologies like database management to manage an organization's data resources
  • Data administration focuses on planning and controlling data to support business functions and strategic objectives