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• Electricity. one of the basic forms of energy.
• Electricity provides light, heat, and mechanical power.
• Hydroelectric dams harness the energy of water released from the reservoir to turn hydraulic turbines.
• The turbines convert the energy of the falling water into mechanical energy, which is used to power electric generators.
• A dam generates electricity by releasing a controlled flow of high-pressure water from a reservoir through a channel called the penstock.
• Geothermal Energy, energy contained in intense heat that continually flows outward from deep within Earth.
• Geothermal energy plants generate electricity and heat by harnessing the heat energy contained within the earth.
• Thermoelectricity, in physics, is electricity generated by the application of heat to the junction of two dissimilar materials.
• This phenomenon was first observed in 1821 by the German physicist Thomas Seebeck and is known as the Seebeck effect.
• Photoelectric Cell, also phototube, electron tube in which the electrons initiating an electric current originate by photoelectric emission.
• When pressure is applied to certain crystals, a potential difference develops across them. Electricity thus produced is called piezoelectricity.
• Pierre Curie and his brother Jacques discovered the phenomenon in quartz and Rochelle salt in 1880 and named the effect piezoelectricity (from Greek piezein, "to press").
• The piezoelectric effect occurs in several crystalline substances, such as barium titanate and tourmaline.
• Solar Energy, radiation produced by nuclear fusion reactions deep in the Sun's core.
• Solar energy travels to Earth through space in discrete packets of energy called photons.
• Solar cells called photovoltaics made from thin slices of crystalline silicon, gallium arsenide, or other semiconductor materials convert solar radiation directly into electricity.
• Solar batteries produce electricity by a photoelectric conversion process.
• Nuclear Energy, energy released during the splitting or fusing of atomic nuclei.
• Battery, also electric cell, device that converts chemical energy into electricity.
• Battery consists of two or more cells connected in series or parallel but the term is also used for single cells.
• Batteries in which the chemicals cannot be reconstituted into their original form once the energy has been converted (that is, batteries that have been discharged) are called primary cells/voltaic cells.
• Batteries in which the chemicals can be reconstituted by passing an electric current through them in the direction opposite that of normal cell operation are called secondary cells, rechargeable cells, storage cells, or accumulators.
• The most common form of primary cell is the Leclanché cell, invented by the French chemist Georges Leclanché in the 1860s.
• Electric Motors and Generators, group of devices used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, or electrical energy into mechanical energy, by electromagnetic means.
• A machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy is called a generator, alternator, or dynamo.
• A machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy is called a motor.