Power Supply Circuits

• 220 VAC Source - is a common AC supply in AC outlet.
• Step Down Transformer - This is used to reduce the 220 volts into smaller voltage.
• Rectifier - This circuits converts AC voltage to pulsating DC voltage. Diode is the perfect device used as rectifier because of its capability to conduct current in one direction.
• Filter - This circuit reduces ripple voltage to become smooth DC voltage.
• Regulator - This circuit maintain the DC voltage to keep up with the varying need for power. This is because the output voltage suffer when maximum power load is connected to the power supply.
• Half Wave Rectifier - allows current to flow through the load for only one-half of each cycle.
• Full Wave Rectifier - is the most commonly used type in DC power supplies.
• Full Wave Rectifier - allows bidirectional current to the load during one cycle.
• Center-Tapped Rectifier - uses two diodes and a center-tapped transformer.
• Full Wave Bridge Rectifier - uses four diodes.
• The AC component in a DC supply is called Ripple.
• input capacitor - is used to prevent unwanted oscillations when the regulator is some distance from power supply filter such as that line has a significant inductance.
• output capacitor - acts as a line filter to improve transient response.
• Fuse - is a safety device used to protect an electrical circuit from the effect of excessive current.