Alloy is a mixture of a base metal and one or more additional elements
Aluminum: for surface hardening
Chromium: for corrosion resistance
Copper: resistance to atmospheric corrosion
Manganese: small amounts for hardening; in larger amounts for wear resistance
Molybdenum: combined with other alloying metals, such as chromium and nickel, increase corrosion resistance and raise tensile strength without reducing ductility
Nickel: increases tensile strength without reducing ductility
Silicon: strengthens low alloy steels and improve oxidation resistance
Sulfur: free machining, especially in mild steels
Titanium: prevents inter-granular corrosion of stainless steels
Tungsten, vanadium, and cobalt: for hardness and abrasion resistance