Reforms

• 2nd Great Awakening


  Protestant religious revival throughout Am. colonies
• Mormons

  1st leader was Joe Smith, known as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints then the second leader was Brigham Young
• Charles Grandison Finney


  Peacher, leader of 2nd Great Awakening did not like the transcendentalist
• Joseph Smith


  Religious leader, who founded Mormonism
• Brigham Young 


  Religious leader, 2nd president of the Church of Jesus Christ led followers to Salt Lake Valley
• Am. Temperance Society

  Boston 1826 growing effort of 19th-century reformers to limit alcohol consumption
• Seneca Falls Convention


  1st woman's rights convention (discuss civil, religious and social rights of women)
• Transcendentalism


  Literacy and intellectual movement emphasized individualism and self-reliance each person has an inner light that leads them to God
• Dorothea Dix


  Am. Nurse, superintendent of Army Nurses, and improved the conditions for the mentally ill
• Lucretia Mott


  Am. Quaker, abolitionist, women rights activist
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton

  Am. writer and activist leader of the women's rights movement
• Henry David Thoreau


  Am. naturalist and essayist wrote "Civil Disobedience" in favor of disobedience against an unjust state
• Ralph Waldo Emerson


  Am. essayist, abolitionist, and led the transcendentalism movement wrote "Self Reliance"
• Burned-Over District


  The popular name for NY region swept away in religious fervor of the 2nd great awakening
• Industrial Rev.


  Creating goods by hand to working in factories and machines
• Market Rev.

  Transformation from the process of making to a national commercial and industrial network
• Samuel Slater


  Am. industrialist as the father of the Rev. helped build the textile industry and constructed a new mill, water powered cotton spinning mill
• Eli Whitney


  Am. inventor, invented the cotton gin and created interchangeable parts for guns
• Cotton Gin

  invented by Eli Whitney which separates cotton from seeds easier than manual seperation
• Cult of Domesticity 


  Religious belief respected the domestic role of women, which said that women belonged in their homes
• Commonwealth v. Hunt

  Massachusetts Supreme Court decisions that strengthened the labor movement supporting the legality of unions
• Know-nothing Party

  Nativist party emerged in response to an inflation of immigration (Irish Catholics)
• Order of star-spangled banner

  secret society in NY created by Charles B. Allen to protest the rise of Irish and German catholic immigrants into the US
• Nativism


  Protecting people with citizenship instead of immigrants
• McCormick Reaper *mechanical reaper

  Mechanized harvest of grains like wheat allowed farmers to get more land. Fueled large commercial agriculture in the Midwest
• Steel Plow


  Farm tool loosens and turn soil giving it nutrients killing weeds and inserting seeds
• Black Belt


  Regions in deep South with high concentration of slaves, increased as cotton production became popular (Slavery expanded in the south and the west)
• Gag Resolution


  Denied debate or action on anti-slavery appeals Driven through House of Pro-slavery southerners passed every year for 8 years (Overturned by Quincy Adams)
• William Lloyd Garrison


  Am. journalist and abolitionist known for the anti-slavery newspaper (The Liberator) helped abolish slavery
• Sojourner Truth

  African American abolitionist activist for civil rights, etc. Born into slavery in Swartekill, NY but escaped with her daughter
• Pony Express


  speedy mail service between Missouri and California relied on lightweight riders galloping between closely placed outposts
• Transportation Rev.

  Series of transportation inventions linked local and regional markets creating a national economy
• New Harmony


  In Indiana created by Robert Owen attracted scholars and crocks, but fell apart due to infighting and confusion after two days
• Brook Farm

  Transcendentalist emphasized living plainly and persuing life of the mind community fell into debt and dissolved when their communal home burned
• Oneida


  The community advocated free love, birth control, and eugenics they reflected the reformist spirit of the age
• Shakers


  lively dance worship simple communal living practiced celibacy, first formed in England later America by Mother Ann Lee by 1940s it died out
• Horace Mann


  Am. educational reformer and slavery abolitionist (Father of Am. education)
• Appeal to the colored citizen of the world

  Abolitionist track advocating violent overthrow of slavery published by David Walker, southern born free black
• Revivals 


  Meetings to convert people into a religion

  
• Peter Cartwright


  Methodist + Baptist