Quiz 3

• The articular system is important for movement, involving cooperation between muscular and skeletal systems
• It connects bones and is essential for bone growth, with endochondrial growth at the epiphyseal plate
• The articular system protects the ends of bones through articular cartilage, reducing friction
• Structures of the articular system include:

  1. Meniscus

  • Observed at other parts of bones except those with articular cartilage

  
  

  2. Articular Cartilage

  • Protects ends of bones (epiphyses)
  • Reduces friction

  
  

  3. Bursa / Bursae

  • Sac filled with synovial fluid to lubricate and reduce friction
  • Prevents friction among joined bones
  • Covered with synovial membrane
  • Acts as a shock absorber

  
  

  4. Tendons

  • Connect muscles to bones

  
  

  5. Ligaments

  • Connect bones to bones
• Classifications of joints:

  1. According to Function (degree of movement)

  2. According to Structure

  3. Specific Types of Joints (depending on the bones connected together)
• According to Function:

  1. Synarthrosis

  • Connection of bone with no movement at all

  
  

  2. Amphiarthrosis

  • Limited movement in one to two directions

  
  

  3. Diarthrosis

  • 100% movable in any direction
• According to Structure:

  1. Fibrous Joints

  • Composed of collagen fibers
  • Tend to be immovable

  
  

  2. Cartilaginous Joints

  • Made up of cartilage
  • Bones connected by cartilage
  • Exhibit a range of mobilities

  
  

  3. Bony Fusion

  • Disappears as individual ages

  
  

  4. Synovial Joints

  • Freely movable, found in extremities
• Specific Types of Joints:

  • Synarthrosis:
  • Fibrous: Sutures, Gomphoses
  • Cartilaginous: Synchondrosis
  • Bony Fusion: Synostosis

  
  

  • Amphiarthrosis:
  • Fibrous: Syndesmoses
  • Cartilaginous: Symphysis

  
  

  • Diarthrosis:
  • Synovial Joint: Planar Joints, Hinge Joints, Pivot Joints, Saddle Joints, Condyloid Joints, Ball and Socket Joints
• Movements in Diarthrosis joints include:

  • Gliding or sliding movement
  • Flexion movement
  • Abduction and adduction
  • Rotational movement
  • Supination and pronation
  • Aversion and inversion
  • Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
  • Opposition
  • Elevation and depression
  • Protraction and retraction