Biogenetics

• What do farmers want to increase in greenhouses?

  Rate of photosynthesis
• Why do farmers heat their greenhouses?

  To increase the rate of photosynthesis
• What do some gardeners use to release heat and carbon dioxide?

  Oil burners
• What are the main limiting factors for photosynthesis?

  • Light intensity
  • Carbon dioxide concentration
  • Temperature
• What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

  Endothermic reaction
• Where does photosynthesis take place in plants?

  In the leaves
• What pigment absorbs light energy in plants?

  Chlorophyll
• What is the equation for photosynthesis?

  CO2 + H2O -> C6H12O6 + O2
• What happens to the rate of photosynthesis as light intensity increases?

  The rate of photosynthesis increases
• What does an increase in light intensity indicate about photosynthesis?

  Light intensity was a limiting factor
• What is produced during photosynthesis besides glucose?

  Oxygen
• What are the uses of glucose produced in photosynthesis?

  • Respiration for energy
  • Converted to starch for storage
  • Converted to fats and oils for energy
  • Used to produce cellulose for cell walls
  • Used to produce amino acids
• Where does respiration take place in plants?

  In the mitochondria
• When does photosynthesis produce glucose?

  During the day when there is light
• What is starch in plants?

  An insoluble storage molecule
• How can starch be converted back to glucose?

  When the plant needs it
• What do plants convert glucose into for energy storage?

  Fats and oils
• What gives plant cell walls strength?

  Cellulose
• What is cellulose made from?

  Glucose produced by photosynthesis
• What do plants need to make amino acids from glucose?

  Nitrate ions from the soil
• What type of reaction is respiration?

  Exothermic reaction
• Where does respiration take place?

  In all living cells
• What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

  Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
• What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

  C6H12O6 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O
• What happens if there is not enough oxygen for cells?

  They carry out anaerobic respiration
• What is produced during anaerobic respiration in muscles?

  Lactic acid
• Why does anaerobic respiration release less energy than aerobic respiration?

  Because glucose oxidation is incomplete
• What is produced during anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?

  Ethanol and carbon dioxide
• What is fermentation in yeast cells used for?

  To make alcoholic drinks
• What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

  Aerobic Respiration:

  • Requires oxygen
  • Produces carbon dioxide and water
  • Releases a lot of energy

  
  

  Anaerobic Respiration:

  • Does not require oxygen
  • Produces lactic acid (in muscles) or ethanol and carbon dioxide (in yeast)
  • Releases much less energy
• What is the primary purpose of respiration in humans?

  To provide energy for various functions
• What are the two types of respiration mentioned?

  Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
• Why does the body need more energy during exercise?

  For muscle contraction and increased activity
• How does aerobic respiration change during exercise?

  It increases to meet energy demands
• What happens to the breathing rate during exercise?

  It increases to supply more oxygen
• What is the effect of exercise on heart rate?

  Heart rate increases to pump blood
• What problem can occur when exercising hard?

  Not enough oxygen can reach the muscles
• What occurs during anaerobic respiration?

  Incomplete oxidation of glucose occurs
• What chemical builds up in muscles during anaerobic respiration?

  Lactic acid builds up in the muscles
• What effect does lactic acid have on muscles?

  It causes muscle fatigue and inefficiency