Cardiovascular System

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    Ereshkigal Levitsky

    Cards (15)

    • vascular system - loop consisting of a network of blood vessels through which blood si circulated to the rest of the body.
    • Vascular System has two divisions: the pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation.
    • pulmonary circulation moves the blood between the right ventricle of the heart ot the lungs.
    • systematic circulation moves
      the oxygenated blood and nutrients from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body.
    • Structure of Vascular System
      1. Arteries - thick-walled blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the tissues of the body
    • Structure of Vascular System
      1. Arterioles - small-diameter blood vessels that branch out from the arteries and lead to the capillaries
    • Structure of Vascular System
      Veins - tubes with thin walls that carry deoxygenated blood from tissues to the heart
    • Structure of Vascular System
      Venules- very small veins that collect blood from the capillaries
    • Structure of Vascular System
      Capillaries - fine hair-like blood vessels that connect arterioles and veins
    • Blood Vessel Structure
      a Layers - the blood vessels have three layers:
      • tunica adventitia (outer connective tissue);
      • tunica media (middle, muscle a n d elastic fiber); and
      •tunica intima (inner, endothelial cell).
      b Lumen - space inside the blood vessel where the blood flows.
      c. Valves - found in the veins, these are thin membranous leaflets that
      prevent the backflow of blood.
    • Disorders of the Vascular System
      Aneurysm - enlargement of the artery due to the weakening of the artery wall
      Arteriosclerosis - hardening of the artery wal due to aging
    • Disorders of the Vascular System
      Atherosclerosis - formation of plaques in the inner walls
      Embolism - clot or bubble that causes obstruction of an artery
    • Disorders of the Vascular System
      Hemorrhoids - swollen veins in the area of the anus
      Phlebitis- inflammation of the veins particularly the wall
    • Disorders of the Vascular System
      Thrombophlebitis - swelling of the veins of the legs that usually occurs during pregnancy
      Thrombus - blood clot that impedes blood flow Varicose veins - usually found in the legs, these are veins that have been twisted and enlarged
    • Diagnostic Tests • D-dimer
      • Fibrin degradation products (FDP) • Lipoproteins
      • Prothrombin time (PT)
      • Partial thromboplastin time (PIT/APTT) •Triglycerides
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