There can be no sustainable development without peace and no peace without sustainable development
Article 2(7) of the UN Charter states no UN interference with matters essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any State
Human rights law sometimes entails limitations to national sovereignty and non-interference, where needed to protect them, limiting the applicability of Article 2(7) to human rights
Many UN bodies play a role in human rights protection
The Security Council is not a human rights body according to Article 24(1) of the UN Charter, but its role in human rights protection has developed significantly due to the interplay between international peace & security and human rights
Peace enforcement under Chapter VII of the UN Charter includes triggers like 'a threat to the peace', giving the UNSC wide discretion in determining situations threatening peace
Issues like a humanitarian crisis, environmental degradation, and serious breaches of international law, especially human rights and humanitarian law, can be considered threats to peace
The UNSC has established observer missions, peacekeeping operations, and peace enforcement operations for the protection of civilians, human rights, humanitarian aid, and post-conflict peacebuilding
Since the 2000s, the UNSC has adopted thematic resolutions on the interplay of peace & security with human rights, such as the protection of civilians in armed conflict
The UNSC recognizes the nexus between human rights and international peace and security, evident in both thematic and country/region-specific resolutions and other outputs
Humanitarian intervention involves the use of force by states in a third state to counter gross human rights violations, but its legality depends on the interpretation of the UN Charter and the development of customary Public International Law
'Regime change' is considered illegal, and the application of humanitarian intervention, like in Kosovo, has been a subject of debate
The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) aims to protect people from gross human rights violations, atrocities, and international crimes, developed by the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS)
R2P involves the responsibilities to prevent, react, and rebuild in cases of gross human rights violations, with any foreign intervention ideally based on a UNSC mandate
The UNSC has referred to R2P in over 80 resolutions, grounding its role in human rights protection
R2P has sparked debate, with some viewing it as an emerging legal norm while others fear it as a disguised form of humanitarian intervention
R2P has been applied in situations like Darfur and Libya, aiming to address contemporary security challenges and human suffering beyond the current UNSC-centered system of collective security