infectious diseases

Cards (95)

  • What are pathogens?
    Microorganisms that cause infectious disease
  • What types of organisms can be pathogens?
    Bacteria, viruses, protists, and fungi
  • How do bacteria reproduce inside the human body?
    They can reproduce very rapidly
  • What do bacteria release that can harm us?
    Toxins that damage tissues
  • What is the effect of toxins released by bacteria?
    They make us feel ill
  • How do viruses reproduce?
    Only inside a host cell
  • What happens when a virus invades a host cell?
    It reproduces and damages the cell
  • What occurs when a virus leaves a host cell?
    The cell may burst open and die
  • How are pathogens spread in the air?
    Through water droplets
  • How can pathogens be spread directly in water?
    Example: cholera
  • How can pathogens be spread between individuals?
    By direct contact
  • What are some methods to reduce the spread of pathogens?
    • Wash your hands
    • Provide clean drinking water
    • Use condoms during sex
    • Isolate highly infectious patients
    • Vaccinations
  • What is the first symptom of measles?
    Fever
  • What develops around 3 days after measles fever?
    A red rash
  • How is the measles virus spread?
    In droplets from coughs or sneezes
  • What complications can develop from measles?
    Damage to the breathing system and brain
  • Are most children vaccinated against measles?
    Yes
  • What is the initial symptom of HIV?
    Flu-like illness
  • What does HIV attack in the body?
    The patient's immune system cells
  • What happens when the immune system is badly damaged by HIV?
    It cannot fight off other infections
  • What can occur when the immune system is severely damaged by HIV?
    Patient may develop cancer
  • What is the late stage of HIV called?
    AIDS
  • What do antiretroviral drugs do for HIV patients?
    Stop the virus from multiplying
  • What is the result for patients taking antiretroviral drugs?
    They lead a normal life expectancy
  • Do patients need to take antiretroviral drugs for life?
    Yes
  • How is HIV transmitted?
    Through exchange of fluids
  • How can HIV be spread through sexual contact?
    By unprotected sex
  • How can HIV be spread through needles?
    Sharing infected needles
  • How is salmonella food poisoning caused?
    By ingesting infected food
  • What conditions lead to salmonella bacteria?
    Prepared in unhygienic conditions
  • What do salmonella bacteria secrete?
    Harmful toxins
  • What are the symptoms of salmonella?
    Fever, vomiting, cramps, diarrhoea
  • Where is salmonella normally found?
    In chicken
  • How does the UK control the spread of salmonella?
    By vaccinating chickens
  • What type of disease is gonorrhoea?
    STD
  • What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?
    Thick yellow/green discharge, pain urinating
  • How was gonorrhoea treated in the past?
    Using the antibiotic penicillin
  • What is a current issue with gonorrhoea treatment?
    Antibiotic-resistant strains are common
  • How can the spread of gonorrhoea be stopped?
    Using condoms during sex
  • What should people do after unprotected sex regarding gonorrhoea?
    Get tested for gonorrhoea