quick facts

• RSBI less than 105 = predicting weaning success
• mild PaO2/FiO2 ratio: 200-300, PEEP 5 or more
• Moderate PaO2/FiO2 ratio: 100-200, PEEP 5 or more
• Severe PaO2/FiO2 ratio: < 100, PEEP 5 or more
• Hypoxic vasoconstriction occurs at PaO2 less than 60
• Pneumothorax % for treatment: + 15 %
• tx for alveolar hypoventilation: O2
• tc for ventilation/perfusion mismatch: O2
• tx for intrapulmonary shunting: PEEP
• is type one arf from intrapulmonary issues or extrapulmonary issues: intrapulmonary
• is type one arf from intrapulmonary issues or extrapulmonary issues: extrapulmonary
• ARDS ABG: low PaO2 despite supplemental O2- refractory hypoxemia
• ARDS ABG: PaCO2 low from hyperventilation, low PaO2
• What ARDS stage does chest X-ray become abnormal: fibroproliferative
• permissive hypercapnia: keep RR normal to prevent from injury (CO2 doesn't get blown off though)
• t/f: hang broad spectrum antibiotics immediately in pneumonia patients (true)

  • do culture first
• how many hours in prone position - 12
• VAP occurs within 48 - 72 hours after endotracheal intubation
• Spontaneous pneumothorax: just collapses from other disorders

  • primary: with or without disease (without)
  • secondary: with or without disease (with)
• traumatic pneumothorax: rupture of pleural cavity, air enters pleural space

  • open: penetrating trauma
  • closed: blunt trauma
  • iatrogenic: diagnostic procedures
  • tension: has nowhere to go
• PE ABG: low PaO2, low PaCO2, high pH --> respiratory alkalosis
• ETT needed in status asthmatics patient peak flow meter less than 40%
• NMB used to decrease oxygen consumption
• dexmed is used with propofol to provide analgesic effect
• low flow is used up to 8 liters, high flow is used up to 14 liters
• complications of oxygen therapy: oxygen toxicity, carbon dioxide retention, absorption atelectasis
• Worse complication of PEEP: barotrauma and decreased CO
• as airway diameter decreases, peak airway pressure (PAP) increases

  • need to either suction or bronchodilators
• Rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) less than 105 can predict weaning success
• decrease in tidaling can indicate lung re-expansion
• pre renal - decreased blood flow before the kidney
• intrarenal- ischemic or toxic insult directly at nephrons
• post renal: obstruction that hinders flow of urine beyond the kidney throughout the remainder of urinary tract
• hyperphosphatemia s/e that directs nursing management: pruritus
• insulin - D50 shifts potassium into the cells and out of the blood
• when are phosphate binders taken - with meal
• RASS scale: ranges from - 5 to + 4
• SAS scale: ranges 1 to 7
• a patient has a RASS scale of +3... are they agitated or sedated (agitated)
• a patient has a RASS scale of -4 ... are they agitated or sedated (sedated)