Issues & Debates

Created by

Jake Hughes

Cards (51)

What does GRENADE stand for?
Gender Bia
Reductionism
Ethics
Nature vs Nurture
Approaches
Determinism
Ethnocentric
What is Socially Sensitive Research? 
The topic or groups studied can have impacts for society or certain groups.
What 4 aspects of research should be consider to avoid SSR?
The question
The methodology
The context
The applications
What is Universality? 
Characteristcs that can be applied to everyone.
What is Alpha Bias? 
Research that exaggerates or overestimates the difference between men and women.
What is Beta Bias? 
Exaggerating the similarity between men and women. Applying research on one gender on another.
What is Androcentric? 
Normal behaviour is judged to be the male standard. Any others is abnormal.
What is Cultural Bias?
Interpretting findings by your own culture.
What is an example of cultural bias?
Afro-caribean immigrants are 7 time more likely to be diagnosed with mental illnesses. As we judge their behaviour by western standards.
How many studies come from America?
96%
What is Ethnocentrism? 
Judging one culture by the standards of another.
What is Imposed Etic? 
Taking cultural ideas out of the context of its culture.
What is Emic? 
Focusing on one culture to see their behaviours.
Who researched Emic?
Bartlett looked at Swazi herdsmen as they knew every detail of each of their cattle as they represent wealth.
What is an issue with Emic research?
Only undertsand the findings in that culture.
What is Etic? 
Aspects of cultures that are universal.
Who researched Etic?
Berry replacated Asch's study with Temne and Inuit people. Temne people conformed and the Inuits did not. Suggesting conformity is not universal.
Who should be used to combat cultural bias?
Indegenous researchers.
Why may cultural bias not be an issue?
Tankano found 14 out of 15 studied which compared US and Japan had no distinction in tradition.
Why is it bad to assume all research is culturally relative? 
eg. facial expressions for emotions are the same globally. Suggesting we need to study universal and specific characterists of groups.
What is Free will? 
Humans can make their own choices and are not determined by biological or envirionmental factors.
What approach does Free will link too?
Humanistc approach
What is Determinism? 
Individual behaviours are controlled by internal or external factors.
What is Hard Determinism? 
All human behaviour has a cause and there is no free will.
What is Soft Determinism?
Some behaviours are more constrained than others but there is a element of free will in all behaviours.
What is Biological Determinism? 
Internal factors
Biological approach - We can not control our biology (genetics)
What is Environmental Determinism?
External factors
Learning theories - Parents & society reinforce behaviours.
What is Psychic Determinism? 
Internal factors
Psychodymanic approach - unconcous control & ID, Ego, Superego
What is the case for Free will? 
Face Validity - we excerise free will in everyday life
What is a case against Free will?
Neurological research suggests brain activity determines the activities. Libet - recorded brain activity of awareness before decision to move finger.
What is a case for Determinsm?
Thornley reviewed chlorpromine trails and found it was associated with better functioning - control
What is a case against Determinism? 
Suggests a single case for behaviours but twin studies found a concordance rate of 80% in IQ scores and 40% in developing depression - should be 100% (nurture)
What is Nature?
Our biology
What is Nurture? 
Our environment
What is a Nativist? 
Someone who believes in the Nature approach.
What is an Empiricist? 
Someone who believes in the Nurture approach.
What is the interactionist approach? 
That nature and nurture can work together eg. genetic vulnerablity & environomental triggers.
Why does free will contradict nature vs nurture?
Humans have their own choices of thier behaviours.
Why does Maguires taxi drivers support the interactionist approach?
Found that time spent as a driver (nurture) has influence their nature as it has increased their grey matter in their brain.
What is Holism?
Must look at the whole picture as many aspects interact.