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Psychology
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Research Methods
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Cards (702)
What are strengths of Matched Pairs?
No
order
effects
Controls individual
differences
What are limititations of
Repeated Measures
?
Order effects
Boredom effects
Demand characteristics
What are limitations of Independent Groups?
Individual
differences
More people required
What are limitations of Matched Pairs?
Time
consuming
DIfficult
to match exactly
Requires more
participants
How do we
Counter Balence
?
Half
participants do C1 and other C2. Participants
dont talk
to each other and then complete the other condition.
What are Order effects?
The order conditions are
completed
can influence outcomes eg.
practice
What are
Boredom
effects?
Participants may give up and do
worse
in
later
activities
What are
damand characteristics
?
Participants may
change
the way they act due to them trying to guess the
aim
What is Operational definition?
Clearly describing the
IV
and
DV
variable on how they will be manipulated and measured.
Why do we operationalise?
Makes the experiment more
replicable
What are co-variables?
Variables no controlled
by the researcher investigated in a
correlation
What is a
Likert Scale
?
Tool to measure
opinions
, behaviours and
attitudes
What are confounding Variables?
Variables that influence the DV happens more in
one
condition than another
What are
extraneous
variables?
Variables
that if are not controlled will effect the
DV
What are
control variables
?
Things you keep the same
What are participant
variables
?
Individual difference
between the participants
What are
situational
variables?
Factors in the environment that can influence
behaviours
What is
Standardisation
?
Keeping everything but
the IV
the
same
What are investigator effects?
Researchers
behaviours
may impact results
How can we
limit
investigator effects?
Training
Double blind
What is Social
desirablity bias
?
Participants change how they respond to seem socially
acceptable
What experimental designs have
random allocation
?
Matched pairs
and
independant measures
What is an observation?
Participants are
watched
and what they do or say is
recorded.
What do observations never have?
IV
or
DV
What is a Naturalistic observation?
Observation is in a
natural
environment
What is a
Controlled observation
?
Environment
is
controlled
by the researcher
What is a
structured observation
?
Observation using
bahavioural catagories
or event /
time
sampling
What is an
unstructured
observation?
Observer
records
everything they see
What is a
participant
observation?
Observer joins in the activity
What is a
non participant
observation?
Observer does
not join
in the activity
What is a
Overt
observation?
Participants are
aware
they are being
observed
What is a
Covert
observation?
Participants are
unaware
they are being observed
What are
behavioural
categories?
Divide target
behaviour
into subset behaviours which are
operationalised
What is time sampling?
Record what happens during
set time intervals
What is
event sampling
?
Record when
the
observer see it
How can we improve observation reliablity?
Training
Have
multiple
observers
Agree on
catagories
What are
self report
techniques?
Methods of
collecting data
where participants report their
own data
What are two self report techniques?
Questionaires
Interviews
What is a Questionnaire?
Set of
predetermined questions
that participants answer
What
is a closed
question?
Participants choose their answer from a set of options
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