Schizophrenia

Cards (53)

  • Explain the Dopamine Hypothesis
    Hypodopaminergia - LOW at D1
    NEGATIVE symptoms
    Hyperdopaminergia - HIGH at D2
    POSITIVE symptoms
  • Explain Juckel's explanation of SZ
    Studied activity in the stratuim
    FOUND - correlation between activity & severity
  • Explain Ingram explanation of SZ
    Development of SZ is 10x more likely in BIO than ADOPTIVE. GENETICS!
  • Explain Gottesman explanation of SZ
    CONCORDANCE RATE:
    MZ = 48%
    DZ = 17%
    Must be genetic but not 100%?
  • Explain Ripke explanation of SZ
    META ANALYSIS:
    • 37,000 sufferers
    • 113,000 control
    SZ involves 100s of genes - Polygenetic
  • Why are Black men 10x more likely to get SZ?

    Culture - not specific treatment
    Gender - not likely to speak about
  • Explain SZ
    Breakdown of communications in the brain
  • What are positive symptom?
    ADDITION to normal experience
    • Hallucinations
    • Delusions
    • Paraniod
  • What are negative symptoms?
    LOSS of usual symptoms
    • poverty of speech
    • avolition
    • FFA
  • What is Co-Morblity?
    When 2 conditions Co-exist
  • What is Symptom Overlap?
    When 2 conditions share symptoms
  • What is Chlorpromazine?
    Typical Antipsychotic
    • BLOCKS D1
    • REDUCES -ve symptoms
    • Sedative Effect
  • What is Clozapine?
    Atypical Antipsychotic
    • Blocks D2 & glutamate + serotonin
    • Improves mood
    • Fatal Blood Condition
  • How does the DMS diagnose SZ?
    must have +ve symptoms
  • How does the ICD diagnose SZ?
    Must have 2 or more -ve symptoms
  • What did Cheniaux find about reliability of SZ diagnosis?
    SZ is either over or under diagnosed in both DSM and ICD
  • What did Soderberge & Nilsson find about diagnoses of SZ?
    DSM - 81%
    ICD - 60%
    shows concordance rate for DSM is higher so more reliable
  • What did Buckley find about Co-morbidity?
    Patients with SZ could also have depression, substance abuse, PTSD and OCD
  • What did Ross find about Sympton Overlap?

    people with DID have more SZ symptoms than people with SZ
  • What did Pinot say about cultural bias in diagnosis?
    Need to use indigenous researchers
  • What did Thornley find about Chlorpromazine?
    Drug associated with high function and low symptoms & relapse
  • What did Meltzer find about both antipsychotics?

    Clozapine is more effective as better in 30-50% of the cases where chlorpromazine failed.
  • Side effects of Typical drugs:
    Dry mouth
    Confusion
    Lethargy
  • Side effects of Atypical drug:
    weight gain
    diabet
    fatal blood condition
  • What is family dsyfunction?
    Abnormal family processes eg. Poor comunication
  • Dysfunctional Thought Processes
    Not functioning normal and produce undesirable consequences
  • What is Cognitive explanations?
    Focus on mental processes such as attention
  • What did Frieda say about family dysfunction?

    Patient talk about SZ mother as they were cold and rejecting. Making the family tense.
  • What did Bateson find about communication?

    Poor communication leads to the child getting mixed messages and feeling confused leading to paranoia.
  • What are the 3 expressed emotions of SZ?
    Verbal critism
    Hostility
    Emotional over-involvement
  • What is meta representation?
    Reflects on thoughts and behaviours
  • What is central control?
    Surpress automatic responses leading to clear thoughts
  • What does reduced processing in the ventral striatum cause?
    negative symptoms
  • What does reduced processing in the temporal lobe cause?
    Hallucinations
  • How does Read et al support family dysdunction as a risk factor?
    Reviewed 46 studies pf child abuse and schizophrenia and found 69% of female pacients and 59% of male pacients had a history of abuse.
  • How does Stirling et al support dysfunctional processing?
    Compared Schizophrenic pacients to non Schizophrenic controls on cognitive tasks. Found that Schizophrenic pacients took 2 times as long. Suggesting a lack of central control.
  • How does Tienari suggest that pacients are not reliable?

    Pacients recall of childhood experiences may be distorted
  • Why does the cognitive explanation have cause and effect?
    Unclear if the factors are a cause or as a result of neural correlates and abnormal neurotransmitter levels.
  • What is CBT?
    Tackles dysfunctional thought processes by challenging a pacients beliefs
  • How does Turkington study CBT?
    Discussion with a pacient showed they though the Mafia were observing them. Turkington asked if this was resonable and tried to give other explanations on why they feel this way.