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Body Systems
Respiratory (BS)
Lecture 11
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Cards (11)
oxygen constant =
21%
atmospheric pressure @ sea level =
100kPa
so pressure oxygen =
21kPa
therefore alevolar gas =
13.3kPa
atmoshpheric pressure at
5800m
is half that at sea level =
9.3kPa
on summit of everest =
5kPa
60,000 feet, atmoshperic pressure
6.3kPa
= same as
SVP water
Response to altitude and acclimatisation:
hyperventilation
&
respiratory alkalosis
increased
2,3-DPG
causes better unloading of
oxygen
polycythaemia
, slow to develop
bicarbonate excretion
from
CSF
and
kidneys
diuresis
,
hyponatraemia
acetazolamide
used to treat
acute mountain sickness
acute mountain sickness:
breathless at >
2000m
headache
nausea
loss
apeptite
difficulty
sleeping
/
exercising
amnesia
/
dizziness
severe mountain sickness
cheyn stokes resp
cerebral
/
pulmonary oedema
every
10m
depth, pressure increases by
1atm
=
100kPa
boyle's law
= lung volume
6L
compressed to
1L
(
residual volume
) at this depth
deep diving
:
air
supplied at
environmental
pressure
helium oxygen
used =
2% oxygen
sufficient as gives pressure of
alveolar oxygen 20kPa
at
90m
enables
removal
of
Nitrogen
dive reflex
:
innate
many mammals
vasoconstriction
so
oxygen conserved
to
heart
,
lungs
,
brain
reflex vagal bradycardia
suppressed ventilation drive
hyperoxia
=
cellular oxygen toxicity
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