vocab

• Demographics: the statistical data of a population, including age, gender, income, education level, and more
• Political culture: the set of attitudes, beliefs, and values that underpin the political system
• Political socialization: the process through which individuals acquire their political beliefs and values
• Core values: fundamental beliefs that guide and motivate individuals and societies
• Individualism: the belief in the importance of individual rights, independence, and self-reliance
• Equality of opportunity: the idea that everyone should have the same chance to succeed
• Free enterprise: an economic system where businesses are owned and operated by private individuals
• Rule of law: the principle that all people and institutions are subject to and accountable under the law
• Republicanism: a political ideology that emphasizes the importance of a republic and the rule of law
• Globalization: the process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence among countries
• Scientific polling: using statistical methods to collect and analyze public opinion data
• Public opinion polls: surveys that measure public opinion on a variety of issues
• Benchmark polls: polls conducted at the beginning of a campaign to gauge support for a candidate
• Tracking polls: polls conducted continuously to track changes in public opinion over time
• Entrance polls: polls conducted as people enter a polling place to predict election outcomes
• Exit polls: polls conducted as people leave a polling place to analyze election results
• Push polls: polls that are designed to influence rather than measure public opinion
• Polling universe: the group of people whose opinions are of interest to researchers
• Random sample: a sample where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected
• Representative sample: a sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the population
• Mass survey: a survey that collects data from a large number of people
• Focus group: a small group of people brought together to discuss specific topics
• Sampling error: the difference between the results of a sample and the true result if the entire population had been surveyed
• Reliability of data: the extent to which data is accurate and consistent
• Political ideologies: sets of beliefs about politics and society that help people make sense of the world
• Political spectrum: the range of political attitudes and beliefs from left to right
• Liberal ideology: a political ideology that emphasizes individual rights, equality, and government intervention in the economy
• Conservative ideology: a political ideology that emphasizes tradition, limited government, and free-market principles
• Moderate: a person whose political views are in the middle of the political spectrum
• Political polarization: the divergence of political attitudes to ideological extremes
• Democratic Party: one of the two major political parties in the United States, generally associated with liberal policies
• Republican Party: one of the two major political parties in the United States, generally associated with conservative policies
• Regulation of the marketplace: government oversight of economic activities to ensure fair competition and consumer protection
• Libertarian ideology: a political ideology that advocates for minimal government intervention in both personal and economic matters
• Property rights: the legal rights to possess, use, and dispose of property
• Voluntary trade: the exchange of goods and services between parties without coercion
• Keynesian economic policies: economic policies that advocate for government intervention to stabilize the economy
• Supply-side economic policies: economic policies that focus on increasing the supply of goods and services to stimulate economic growth
• Monetary policy: the management of the money supply and interest rates by a central bank
• Fiscal policy: government decisions on spending, taxation, and borrowing to influence the economy